36 PLANTING OF WHITE PINE IN NEW ENGLAND. 



generally be used without any cutting. Land where the brush growth 

 is dense should be partially cleared before planting is attempted. Cut- 

 over land, where heavy sprout growth follows cutting, may have open 

 spaces where pines may be inserted to advantage, but as a rule it is 

 useless to plant such lands; it costs too much to give the young and 

 tender seedlings enough light. Cut-over lands, where the tendency 

 to sprout is slight and where natural reproduction is of inferior 

 species, may frequently be planted to advantage in whole or part, such 

 planting depending upon the present stand of valuable seedlings or 

 sprouts and the density of shade. Burnt land usually shows a ten- 

 dency to support rapid-growing, worthless species. Planting may 

 frequently be practiced the season after a tire, or on land where the 

 growth is not very dense. 



Where the site chosen is moderately clear of brush growth, seedlings 

 may be used. Should it consist wholly or in part of areas of burnt- 

 over land, sprout land, or brush land, the plants should be once trans- 

 planted in the nursery. As transplants cost twice as much as seedlings 

 it is readily seen that such planting is more expensive than planting 

 on open land. The cheaper cost of brush land may, however, some- 

 times overweight this difference. The cost of plowing the site is gen- 

 erally prohibitive, and is, moreover, unnecessary. 



TRANSPLANTING. 



The young seedlings should be transplanted in the late fall, after 

 the summer's growth has become completely hardened, or in the early 

 spring, just as the growth is read} T to start. When trees are taken up 

 in the fall for spring planting they should be stored over winter in a 

 protected place, such as a cellar or barn, the roots being covered with 

 moist sand or earth. The purpose of burying the trees is to allow the 

 half-dormant vital functions opportunity to act slowly during the 

 winter season, and to protect the roots from the drying influence of 

 the air and from extreme cold. Trees kept in moist soil in a cellar 

 over winter will form calluses over their wounded surfaces. 



Fall planting is sometimes advisable in the North, but spring plant- 

 ing is usually best. Trees planted in the fall are subjected to the heavy 

 frosts of winter, and unless the soil is peculiarly well adapted to hold 

 them the plants are likely to be heaved out. If stored over winter, 

 and protected from the sun in early spring, the period of planting may 

 be much lengthened, for as the buds will not start so soon when the trees 

 are in storage as when exposed to the revitalizing influence of the sun's 

 rays. Trees may be transplanted in the spring direct from the nursery 

 rows to the permanent site, and, if care is used and circumstances are 

 favorable, 95 per cent should grow. 



Whether the removal of the plants from the nursery be in fall or 

 spring, the process is the same. The}^ may either be dug with a spade 

 or thrown out by a plow set 6 to 8 inches deep. The trees should then 



