TREE PLANTING IN UTAH. 219 



This experiment, it will be seen from the above statement, is 

 along- the same lines as the older one, but is far more extensive 

 and much better planned. 



The location of both plantations is upon a high bench, a 

 part of the delta of the Logan river, but now two hundred feet 

 or more above the level of the flowing- water. This bench was 

 made by deposits from the river, and consists of strata of 

 coarse gravel and rocks, clay and sand. The surface varies 

 from a gravelly clay to a coarse, pebbly sand, and is not an ideal 

 soil for any purpose. The hardpan is from two to four feet 

 from the surface, and, being- composed of firmly cemented 

 coarse gravel, trees are prevented from sending- their roots as 

 deep in the ground as they should g-o. From this description 

 the reader may well surmise, that trees growing- in our soil will 

 grow as readily in most of the cultivated land in Utah. Chemical 

 analyses show that the land is rich in lime and poor in potash. 



The canyon of the Logan River, which forms the southern 

 boundary of the Station grounds, exerts a strong influence on 

 the atmospheric conditions of the locality. The canyon forms a 

 drainage place for cold air from the benches above, and this, 

 with the winds that follow the river down the mountains, and 

 the elevation of the bench, give a temperature at the Experi- 

 ment Station that will average in the winter several degrees 

 higher than in the greater part of the valley below. This may 

 mean that two or three species in our experiments, as the 

 Oatalpa, Ailanthus and English Walnut, will not grow in the 

 colder parts of this, and, perhaps, of several other valleys in 

 the State. But, in general, trees that are hardy at Logan will 

 stand the winter's cold and the summer's heat and drouth in 

 most parts of Utah, where tree-planting is attempted. How- 

 ever, to give more definite knowledge of the temperature and 

 rainfall of different parts of the State as compared with that 

 of the Experiment Station, and thus secure a safe guide, the 

 two following figures, taken from Bulletin 47 of this Station, 

 are given: 



Fig. 1 Is a diagram showing the average amount [of rain- 

 fall in twelve localities in Utah, for a period of five years, end- 

 ing with 1895. 



