TKKE PLANTING IN UTAH. 235 



to that of any other walnut. The Black Walnut is much liked 

 by lovers of trees, and where it has an abundance of room to 

 attain its full amplitude, and express all its grandeur, majesty 

 and grace, it is inferior to no tree that the landscape gardner 

 can employ. 



The Black Walnut is a comprehensive feeder and grows 

 well in any rich, moist soil in a temperate climate. It is not a 

 matter of surprise, then, that, transplanted to the rich soil of 

 Utah, and under irrigation, the trees thrive. In Cache Valley, 

 where it is probably as cold as in any other extensive tract of 

 cultivated land in the State, the Black Walnut never winter- 

 kills, and there are to be found very fine specimens of this 

 species twenty -five or more years old which bear, fine crops of 

 nuts. They seem to be able to endure an alkali soil as well or 

 better than any other trees unless it be the Ashes. Fig 1 . 7 

 shows a good representative of the Black Walnut ten years 

 from planting, as it grows in this valley. 



Trees of this species are hard to transplant successfully, 

 because of their long tap-roots, and the operation is best done 

 when the trees are quite young; or, better than resetting, 

 plant the nuts where the trees are wanted. Prune severely in 

 transplanting. The cutting of tap-roots the season before 

 transplanting, by using a sharp spade while the trees are in the 

 ground, is a good practice. 



The specimens in our plantation have attained an average 

 height of 20 feet, and an average circumference of 15 inches. 

 A market for the nuts of this tree can always be found. 



Butternut. {Jughms cinerea L.) In general aspect, the 

 Butternut resembles the Black Walnut; it is a smaller tree and 

 not so handsome, as it is often ill-shaped and awkward in habit 

 of growth ; the bark is more of a gray than the brown of the 

 Walnut. While the leaves of the two species are very similar, 

 they differ in those of the Butternut, being darker in color, 

 with fewer leaflets, and in the leaflets being smaller and nar- 

 rower. The nuts of the Butternut are elongated instead of 

 globular, and are not as well flavored as are those of the Wal- 

 nut. While the color of the wood of the Butternut is nearly 

 as good as that of the Walnut, the wood itself is much softer 

 and weaker, and therefore of less value. The Butternut is less 

 hardy and thrifty than the Walnut. 



The trees in our collection have attained an average height 



