240 BULLETIN NO. 62. 



THE ALDKRS. 



European Alder. (Alnus glntinosa (L.) Gaertn.) Closely 

 related to the birches are the alders, one of which, the Narrow- 

 leaf Alder (Alnus tenuifolia Nutt.) is found in Utah. The 

 European Alder promises to do well here. Our specimens are 

 shapely, thrifty trees, 22 feet in height, and 21-J- inches in cir- 

 cumference. In its habitat, this tree reaches a maximum height 

 of 75 feet, and has a trunk diameter of 2i feet; the branches of 

 the tree are nearly horizontal ; its bark is smooth ; and its foliage 

 is glutinous; in appearance, much like that of the birches. It 

 is a plain, homely tree; not well suited for ornamental planting, 

 but of considerable value for several utilitarian purposes. In 

 Europe, the alder is much used to strengthen the banks of 

 streams and ditches, its roots forming a strong subterranean 

 net work. It may prove to be valuable in this region for the 

 same purpose. Its thriftiness commends it also. This far 

 north and in this high altitude, it suffers a little from winter- 

 killing, and perhaps ought to be tested more thoroughly for 

 hardiness, before it is planted largely in any locality, where it 

 might be winter-killed. It likes an abundance of moisture and 

 a rich soil. It can be reared from seed or from cuttings. 



THE ELMS. 



The American and the European Elms in this part of Utah, 

 make a steady, thrifty growth, and as they near maturity, 

 become fine trees. There are on our grounds a great number 

 of American Elms and a few European Elms; and, all things 

 considered, they are as satisfactory, and perhaps the most 

 satisfactory, of any trees we have. From their behavior here 

 and in the surrounding country, we think they deserve to be 

 planted more generally than any other hard-wood tree. It is 

 possible that the Cork Elm, which I am told does well in some 

 parts of Nevada, might be as desirable in this State as are the 

 two species named above. In the East, the Cork Elm is one of 

 the hardiest and one of the most vigorous growers of all orna- 

 mental trees. It thrives in almost every soil. This, and its 

 rich, dark green foliage, which hangs long after frost, recom- 

 mend it to tree-planters. 



White Elm. (Ulmus Americana L.) Our trees of this 

 species, in the experiment under consideration, are planted on a 



