16 MpNTANA EXPERIMENT STATION Cir. 78 



ing should last from three to five weeks, depending upon the nature 

 of the soil and' the weather. (2) The soil should be thoroughly 

 soaked when the trees are watered. Frequent light irrigations 

 encourage shallow rooting and really retard growth. Rows of trees 

 are best watered by plowing a furrow on either side of the row. 

 The first year these furrows should be from twelve to eighteen 

 inches from the trunks of the trees. As the trees grow older the 

 furrows may be moved a little farther away from the trees and 

 increased in number. Remember that the spread of roots is somewhat 

 greater than the spread of tops and that irrigation furrows should 

 supply moisture to as much of the surface area as roots occupy. (3) 

 Trees should not be irrigated late in the growing season. This 

 encourages them to grow late in the fall and immature plants are 

 more susceptible to winter-killing. Trees that are well ripened will 

 stand much lower temperatures than those that keep on growing till 

 late in the season. In most cases it is not wise to irrigate young 

 trees later than the middle of August. If the soil holds water well, 

 the first of August might be better. (4) Watering trees after the 

 first frosts in the fall is sometimes a good plan, especially where 

 the winters are very dry. A good supply of moisture in the soil 

 during the winter lessens the danger of winter-killing. 



SOME DESIRABLE SHRUBS TO USE 



Barberry. Unfortunately the common barberry and the purple- 

 leaved variety are hosts for one stage of the stem rust of wheat. 

 None should therefore be planted in the State and those that have 

 been planted should be removed. 



Barberry, Dwarf, (Berberis Thitribertiii*) is a dwarf barberry 

 growing 2 to 4 feet high ; green foliage ; yellow flowers in late spring ; 

 red berries and foliage in fall. This should be protected during the 

 winter as it is not fully hardy, especially when young. As the plants 

 become older they endure winters better. This species does not 

 harbor the wheat rust as does the common form. 



Barberry, Common, (Berberis vulgaris) attains a height of 4 to 6 feet; 

 foliage green; flowers in clusters borne in late spring; desirable also for its red 

 fruit and foliage in the fall. Harbors wheat rust. 



Barberry, Purple, (B. vulgaris, var. atropurpurea) is similar to the common 

 green barberry in habits of growth but the foliage is a rich purple instead of 

 green. Harbors wheat rust. 



