NURSERY AND ORCHARD INSECT PESTS 7 



matures, so there are a number of generations maturing between spring and 

 fall. The pest passes the winter as 'a half-grown nymph in the so-called black 

 stage. 



CONTROL. Since the pest may be spread readily in the young nymph stage 

 from orchard to orchard or to nursery stock by birds or other means, the 

 State Plant Inspection Service has done all in its power to eliminate the pest 

 from orchards and other grounds in the vicinity of the nurseries. This clean 

 up work has now largely removed the immediate danger to the regular nurs- 

 eries. Under especially favorable seasons, however, the pest may multiply and 

 spread more than usual, requiring special effort in the way of clean-up work. 

 In the orchard one or two regular dormant sprays will so reduce it that it is 

 then easily kept in control. No one hopes to absolutely exterminate it once it 



FIG. 7. San Jose Scale; blossom-end of apple enlarged slightly 

 showing scale infestation 



becomes well established. For the dormant spray use the regular concentrated 

 lime sulphur solution which gives a Beaumeau reading on the hydrometer of 

 30 to 33, at the rate of one gallon in eight gallons of water. Some prefer 

 miscible oils and when used they should be mixed at the rate of one gallon 

 of oil to twelve gallons of water. Some report good results with dry lime 

 sulphur used at the rate of about 1 pound to 4 gallons of water. However, 

 the writer's experience leads him to believe that in their present form the 

 brands of dry lime sulphur will not control this pest as effectively as the better 

 brands of lime sulphur solution. 



A badly infested orchard should receive one application in November or 

 December and a second one just as the buds swell in the spring. Where the 

 infestation is light the spring application is sufficient. Select a warm day when 

 there is little or no breeze. Use plenty of pressure and a nozzle throwing a 



