NURSERY AND ORCHARD INSECT PESTS 



19 



started one can reshape injured trees by pruning. However, young buds or 

 budded stock may be killed outright and the trees lost. In the orchard the 



FIG. 22. Tarnished Plant-bug; a, injured peach trees in 

 nursery rows; b, close view of tree showing bush-head 

 or typical injury done by the pest 



pest seldom requires attention but weeds and winter rubbish should always be 

 destroyed so as to prevent the pest from ever becoming abundant. 



Apple Fruit Insects 



In Missouri the apple worm or codling moth and the plum curculio are the 

 two most important insects attacking the fruit. The San Jose scale in scale 

 infested orchards also settles on the fruit seriously damaging it. Of the less 

 important fruit pests, we have plant lice, lesser apple worm, apple curculio, apple 

 maggot and a number of caterpillars which may feed on the surface of the fruit 

 thruout the season. However, the spraying schedule, directed especially at the 

 codling moth and plum curculio, is so arranged as to protect the fruit also from 

 those pests of lesser importance. 



Codling Moth (Carpocapsa pomonclla). This small pest in the pink- 

 worm feeding stage is known to all who eat apples. It has been a pest of 

 apples from the early days and in neglected orchards it ruins most of the 

 fruit. Its development and injury to fruit is influenced both by climatic con- 

 dition and its geographical location. In Missouri the pest develops normally 

 two full broods and at times three, or in the Ozark section even a partial fourth 

 brood, some claim. However, the control measures in the past have been di- 

 rected primarily at the spring and summer broods. 



MOTH. The adult moth expands about three-fourths an inch and is not 

 often observed about the trees. When at rest its wings are folded over the 

 back and the irregular gray and brown bands on the fore wings give it a gray- 

 ish-brown appearance. It becomes active about dark and deposits its eggs 

 mostly on the leaves surrounding fruit clusters, tho occasionally on the side of 

 fruits. 



EGG. The egg is a pearly-white, scale-like object which can be detected 



