22 MISSOURI AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 176 



been somewhat abnormal and an unusually large number of worms appeared 

 late and the fall injury hag been unusually severe, even in some sprayed or- 

 chards. 



CONTROL. In the control of this pest we depend primarily on spraying. 

 Some relief comes from the proper disposal of wormy fruit and the attraction 

 of insectiverous birds to the orchard, but the real relief comes from a system- 

 atic use of insecticides. The spray schedule for apple is arranged first of all 

 to reach the codling moth, but the different applications are so timed and so 

 combined as to reach all the important fruit and foliage insects as well as 

 those fungi which also must be controlled. This schedule may include all or 

 part of the following applications, depending on conditions in the orchard. 



DORMANT SPRAY. This spray is needed only when San Jose scale is pres- 

 ent. It may be either a lime-sulphur solution or an oil emulsion as outlined 

 tinder the control of San Jose scale. 



CLUSTER SPRAY. This is given just before the blossoms open but after 

 the cluster buds separate. If plant lice, canker worms and apple scab are 

 also to be controlled, the spray solution should include one and a half gallons 

 lime sulphur solution, one pound powdered arsenate of lead or two pounds of 

 paste arsenate of lead and one-half pint of 40% nicotine sulphate to fifty gal- 

 lons of water. 



CALYX SPRAY. This is given just after the most of the blossoms are off 

 and before the calyx ends of the young fruits close. It includes the same ma- 

 terials as the cluster spray, except, where the louse is under control, omit the 

 nicotine sulphate. 



CURCULIO OR SECOND APPLE- WORM SPRAY. Where curculio or apple blotch 

 are not important, repeat the calyx spray in about two weeks. Where curculio 

 is bad apply this spray in about one week after the calyx spray and repeat it 

 two or three weeks later. If apple blotch is present use 3-4-50 Bordeaux mix- 

 ture for the one and a half gallons of lime sulphur solution in this and the 

 following spray. 



Local conditions will necessarily vary the time of application and the mix- 

 ture for this and the one or two additional sprays which it may be necessary 

 to apply in close succession. It is well for all fruit growers to keep this in 

 mind and consult with the spray specialists of the College of Agriculture when 

 conditions are abnormal. 



JULY SPRAY. This is applied just before the apple worms of the second 

 or summer brood hatch and begin to enter the fruit. It usually includes one 

 and a half gallons of lime sulphur solution and one pound powder or two 

 pounds paste arsenate of lead to fifty gallons of water. If blotch is present the 

 Bordeaux is used as the fungicide in place of the lime sulphur solution. 



Where additional broods of the codling moth or where summer and 

 fall fruit diseases are destructive it may be necessary to put on additional ap- 

 plications and the College of Agriculture should be consulted regarding these. 



Plum Curculio (Conotrachelus nenuphar). This small snout beetle is 

 abundant thruout the state. It breeds primarily in plums and peaches but 

 often does serious damage to apples. It attacks apples both for feeding and 

 . for ovipositing, but only a small percentage of the eggs deposited in apples suc- 

 ceed in maturing. The crescent gashes made by the adult beetle usually heal 

 over later tho often they serve as entrance places for the small apple worms and 

 for various fungi. 



