NURSERY AND ORCHARD INSECT PESTS 29 



is usually most injurious early in the season. It also attacks peach. It attacks 

 the leaves and young growth. Where abundant one application of the regular 

 nicotine spray will control the pest. It is not often that sprays are necessary 

 on nursery stock. 



Cherry Louse (Myzus cerasi}. This pest is most severe on sweet 

 cherry trees in the nursery. Injury on bearing trees is usually slight. Prompt 

 applications of the nicotine spray or the dipping of the tips in the solution will 

 give relief. 



Cherry Scale (Aspidiotus forbesi). This scale is found commonly on 

 both bearing cherry and apple in this state. Occasionally it seriously encrusts 

 cherry trees. It may also appear on young trees in the nursery, especially ap- 

 ples where the scions are taken from trees showing infestation. Nursery stock 

 showing any signs of this scale should be discarded. Bearing trees showing 

 any serious infestation should be given one thorough application of lime sul- 

 phur as for San Jose scale. Apply it in the spring as growth starts. 



Cherry Fruit-flies. Where injury from these result, it is the work of 

 the white maggot stage in the fruit. In the east these maggots do much dam- 

 age to cherries but in this state it is seldom that they are found in the fruit. 

 Where cherries are found to be wormy it is usually the work of the footless 

 grub of the plum curculio as discussed earlier under apple insects. The fruit 

 flies feed on sweets for a time after emerging in the spring and later deposit 

 eggs in the green fruit. To control the pest therefore a small quantity of a 

 poisoned sweet syrup, consisting of four pounds arsenate of lead to one hundred 

 gallons of water sweetened with cheap molasses may be sprayed or sprinkled on 

 the cherry foliage at the time the flies are emerging. Some claim that one or 

 two applications, of two pounds of powdered arsenate of lead to fifty gallons 

 of water, to the foliage just as the flies are emerging gives results. 



INSECT PESTS OF GRAPES 



In this state the grape scale, leaf-hopper, various leaf feeding beetles and 

 caterpillars, fruit worm and curculio are the more troublesome pests on grape 

 in the nursery and vineyard. Unfortunately the grape is not grown as abun- 

 dantly in the states as it should be. However, as a consequence of this the 

 insect problem on grape is not so important a one with us as is the case in large 

 grape-growing sections of the country. 



Grape Scale (Aspidiotus uvae}. Not infrequently in the vineyard this 

 small armored scale injures or kills grape vines outright. It works on the 

 canes more or less protected by the loose bark on the older growth. Where 

 injurious, it can be controlled by pruning and spraying, when the vines are 

 dormant, with lime sulphur solution diluted with eight parts of water as for 

 the San Jose scale. Where the loose bark is abundant tear it away before 

 spraying. In some cases San Jose scale, which is a close relative of the grape 

 scale attacks and destroys grape vines in this state. In the nursery grape 

 scale is of no serious consequence. 



Grape Leaf-hopper (Typhlocyba comes"). This small yellow and red 

 marked leaf-hopper is common on grapes and related vines every year, seriously 

 injuring the foliage and thereby affecting the growth of the vines and the 

 crop. The nymphs and adults extract sap from the lower surface of the leaves 

 causing them to appear specked with white spots and where the injury is se- 



