10 



Farmers' Bulletin 1087. 



the necessary drives and walks, including the approaches to the 

 buildings and all service features, should be located. After this, 

 the detailed plans of the buildings should be worked out to con- 

 form to the general scheme, followed finally by the planting 

 suggestions. It is much easier to move a building before the 

 cellar wall is built than after it is up, and much annoy- 

 ance can be saved by making plans of the grounds and then of 

 the buildings. This holds whether an old place is to be slightly 

 modified or a new place built and whether the work is to be done 



by the owner or by 

 landscape desi g n e r s 

 and architects. 



It frequently hap- 

 pens that houses and 



barns are P ut U P with ~ 

 out seriously consid- 

 ering their relation to 

 one another or to the 

 means of getting to 

 and from them. Awk- 

 ward situations often 

 arise even in flat coun- 

 tries from such lack 

 of foresight, while in 

 rough countries al- 

 most impossible con- 

 ditions frequently oc- 

 cur from such neglect. 

 To prevent difficul- 

 ties it is necessary to 

 plan the grounds care- 



FIG. 9. Plan of a farmstead located near the highway, fully before building 



and then make the building plans to suit. In this connection it is 

 essential to study thoroughly the land conditions as to elevation, 

 slopes, and drainage. 1 Also consideration should be given to the 

 desirability of the different points of the compass as exposures for 

 the important rooms of the home or for facing the different build- 

 ings or the yards adjoining them. This is called " orientation " 

 by architects and engineers. In addition, it is necessary to decide 

 whether the development is to be simple and inexpensive or elab- 



1 Topography is a general term applied to elevations, slopes, hollows, marshes, water 

 courses, and other surface features of the land. A map showing such features is known 

 as a topographical map. 



