CHANGES ACCOMPANYING BREAKING OF REST PERIOD 37 



per cent alcohol fifteen hours, a third in 0.5 per cent hydrochloric 

 acid for fifteen hours, and a fourth reserved for a check. The 

 untreated material contained the most sugar; the etherized and the 

 HCl-bathed twigs, a lesser amount, while the twigs bathed in alcohol 

 showed the least. 



4. On November 8, 1913, Payne's Keeper apple twigs were 

 collected. One lot was injured by beating the internodes with a 

 knife handle, the other remained untreated. After twenty-four 

 hours, the injured twigs contained the more sugar. When the same 

 experiment was repeated on March 9, 1914, the untreated material 

 contained the more sugar. 



5. The twigs of mulberry, oak and ash in addition to those of 

 apple were also used in these sugar determinations. The results 

 obtained varied, with the species and varieties of a given species as 

 well as the nature of the agent. 



A number of other experiments might be cited, all of which 

 indicate that treatments such as etherization, warm water bath, 

 alcohol bath, hydrochloric acid bath, drying, mechanical injury, etc., 

 when applied during early winter, increase the amount of readily 

 soluble reducing sugars within twenty-four hours after the applica- 

 tions are given. If the treatments are given somewhat later in the 

 season, the agents have little or no effect on increasing the amount of 

 sugar. If delayed until very late, the untreated twigs will actually 

 have more soluble sugar than similar treated material. While a 

 given strong treatment applied late in the season may inhibit the 

 formation of soluble material a less intense application made at the 

 same time might actually cause the production of more sugar than 

 in case of untreated material. 



D. MISCELLANEOUS EXPERIMENTS AND OBSERVATIONS 



A number of experiments and observations were made which do 

 not fall in any of the previous classes. Those bearing on the main 

 problems follow. 



1. Does Ether Have a Desiccating Influence? As previously 

 mentioned some experimenters believed all treatments given to 

 break the rest period, especially etherization, have a desiccating 

 effect. The term "desiccation," as used in this report, has reference 

 to the loss of water from the tissue as evidenced by loss in weight. 

 The term may also be used to designate the passage of water from 

 the cells to the intercellular spaces as when ice is formed. In this 



