36 BULLETIN NO. 161 



Then with s^=s 2t b 1 =b 2 , k 1 =k 2 ,l 1 =! 2 , and i^i,, we get the 

 following equation when they are substituted in equation (1) 



b x (Sj. k x ) G! Ii P 1 =i 1 P 1 where there is no frost and al- 

 though n= 0, the other costs must be correspondingly higher 

 and for the farm where heating has to be resorted to we obtain 

 b ( Sl kj c 2 n (gr+L) Dh ^ P 2 =iP 2 . Subtracting the 

 second equation from the one above it gives: 



<; C!+H (gr+L) +Dh I (P 1 P,) =i (P t P 2 ) . Solving for 

 Cl c 2 +(P 1 R) (1,+U Dh. (4) 



"n" we obtain n= 



(gr+L) 



This shows that if there is a large difference in general cost 

 of production and in total investment and that if the cost of 

 heating one night is small, then the man who heats can afford to 

 heat a considerable number of nights and still compete with the 

 man who is in the frost-free locality. Let us examine a specific 

 case. 



Let $75=c and $50=c 2 



Let $22=Dh 



Let $400=?! and $200=P 2 



Let 1= .08 and i=0 



75_50 (400200) .0422. 



Then n= n=L 



100x.09+2. 



In other words with two farms valued at $400 and $200 an 

 acre and the cost of production $75 and $50 an acre, the one 

 with the smaller cost of production and the cheaper land could 

 afford to heat his orchard once a year and make the same profits 

 as the farmer who is in a frost-free location. 



The amount of work a farmer can do and the amount of 

 money he can spend on his orchard and still make money will 

 obviously depend upon the price he can get for his fruit. In the 

 following 1 table we have used equation No. 1 and solved for "s" 

 where "s" is the price which must be received Ifor the apples in 

 order to fill the other conditions given in the table. 



The data used were taken from government surveys of the 

 cost of producing apples in Wenatchee Valley, Washington, Hood 

 River, Oregon, and Western Colorado, and which are reported in 

 U. S. D. A. Bulletins Nos. 446, 518 and 500 respectively. The 

 data for Utah are for average estimates given by horticultural 

 men of the State. 



