134: BRISTLE-TAILS AND SPRING-TAILS. 



venture to propose for the group comprised in the old genus 

 Podura, the term Collembola, as indicating the existence of a 

 projection, or mammilla, enabling the creature to attach or glue 

 itself to the body on which it stands." Then without expressing 

 his views as to the position and affinities of the Lepismida3, he 

 remarks "as the upshot of all this, then, while the Collembola 

 are clearly more nearly allied to the Insecta than to the Crus- 

 tacea or Arachnida, we cannot, I think, regard them as Orthop- 

 tera or Neuroptera, or even as true insects. That is to say, the 

 Coleoptera, Orthoptera, Neuroptera, Lepidoptera, etc., are in my 

 opinion, more nearly allied to one another than they are to the 

 Poduridse or Smynthuridse. On the other hand, we certainly 

 cannot regard the Collembola as a group equivalent in value to 

 the Insecta. If, then, we attempt to map out the Articulata, we 

 must, I think, regard the Crustacea and Insecta as continents, 

 the Myriopoda and Collembola as islands of less importance, 

 but still detached. Or, if we represent the divisions of the 

 Articulata like the branching of a tree, we must picture the Col- 

 lembola as a separate branch, though a small one, and much 

 more closely connected with the Insecta than with the Crustacea 

 or the Arachuida." Lamarck regarded them as more nearly 

 allied to the Crustacea than Insecta. Gervais, also, in the "His- 

 toire Naturelle des Insectes : Apteres," indicates a considerable 

 diversity existing between the Lepismidae and Poduridae, though 

 they are placed next to each other. Somewhat similar views 

 have been expressed by so high an authority as Professor Dana, 

 who, in the "American Journal of Science" (vol. 37, Jan., 1864), 

 proposed a classification of insects based on the principle of 

 cephalization, and divided the Hexapodous insects into three 

 groups : the first (Ptero-prosthenics, or Ctenopters) comprising 

 the Hymenoptera, Diptera, Aphaniptera (fleas), Lepidoptera, 

 Homoptera, Trichoptera and Neuroptera; the second group 

 (Ptero-metasthenics, or Elytropters) comprising the Coleoptera, 

 Hemiptera and Orthoptera; while the Thysanura compose the 

 third group. Lubbock has given us a convenient historical 

 view of the opinions of different authors regarding the classifi- 

 cation of these insects, which we find useful. Nicolet, the natu- 

 ralist who, previous to Lubbock, has given us the most correct 

 and complete account of the Thysanura, regarded them as an 

 order, equivalent to the Coleoptera or Diptera, for example. In 

 this he followed Latreille, who established the order in 1796. 



