150 



COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 



FIG. 115. Skeleton of the Tortoise (plastron 

 sal vertebrae ; d, ribs; e, marginal bones 

 coid ; &, coracoid ; /, pelvis ; i, femur 



removed) : a, cervical vertebrae ; c, dor- 

 of the carapace ; I, scapula ; k, precora- 

 ', tibia ; h, fibula. 



FIG. 116. Skeleton of aVnltnre: 1, cranium the parts of which are separable only 

 in the chick; 2, cervical vertebrae ; 3, dorsal ; 4, coccygeal, or caudal ; the lumbar 

 and sacral are consolidated; 5, ribs; 6, sternum, or breast-bone, extraordinarily 

 developed; 7, furculum, clavicle, or "wish-bone;" 3, coracoid; 9, scapula ; 10, 

 humeniS'. 11, ulna, with rudimentary radius; 12, metacarpals ; 13, phalanges of 

 the great digit of the wing; 19, thumb; 14, pelvis; 15, femur; 16, tibia-tarsus and 

 fibula, or cms; 17, tarso-metatai>us ; 18, internal digit, or toe, formed of three 

 phalanges ; the middle toe has four phalanges ; the outer, five ; and the back toe, 

 or thumb, two. 



