292 



COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 



sands in the winged Insects). 



They are never placed on 

 movable stalks, as the 

 Lobster's. Besides 

 these, there are three 

 simple eyes, called 

 . ocelli. The mouth 

 may be fitted for bit- 

 ing (masticatory), as 

 in Beetles, or for suck- 

 ing (suctorial), as in 

 Butterflies. The mas- 

 ticatory type, which 

 is the more complete, 

 and of which the other 

 is but a modification, 

 consists of four horny 

 jaws (mandibles arid 

 maxillce) and an up- 

 per and an under lip 

 (labrum and labium). 

 Sensitive palpi (max- 

 illary and labial) are 

 developed from the 

 lower jaw and lower 

 lip. The labium is 

 also prolonged into a 

 ligula, or tongue. 

 The legs are invari- 



n k] v Q1 ' v j n 4-V, p adult 

 ' r V S1X 1! 11U > 



palpus; i, mandible; k, buccal opening; I, gula, the f Ore - legS direct- 

 ed forward and the 

 hinder pairs back- 

 ward. Each consists 

 of a hip, thigh, shank, 

 Some larvae have also "false legs," without 



FIG. 262. Under surface of a Beetle (Harpalus cali- 

 ginosus) : o, ligula; b, paraglossse; c, supports of 

 labial palpi; d, labial palpus; e, mentum ; /, in- 

 ner lobe of maxilla ; g, outer lobe ; h, maxillary 



or throat: m, buccal sutures; n, gular suture; o, 

 prosternum ; p, episteruum of prothorax ; p', epi- 

 meron ; g, 5', q", coxae; r, r, r, trochanters; #, 

 *', ", femora, or thighs; t, t\ t", tibse; v, veutral 

 abdominal segments ; w, episternaof mesothorax ; 

 *, mesosternum ; y, episterna of metathorax; y', 

 epimeron ; z, metasteruum. 



and foot. 153 



