360 COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 



grade; the leg bears vertically upon it; the heel and 

 great toe are longer than in other Primates; and the 

 great toe is not opposable, but is used only as a fulcrum 

 in locomotion. The Gorilla has both an inferior hand 

 and inferior foot. The hand is clumsier, and with a 

 shorter thumb than Man's; and the foot is prehensile, 

 and is not applied flat to the ground. 186 



The scapular and pelvic bones are extremely broad, 

 and the neck of the femur remarkably long. Man is 

 also singular in the double carve of the spine : the Ba- 

 boon comes nearest to Man in this respect. 



The human skull has a smooth, rounded outline, ele- 

 vated in front, and devoid of crests. The cranium great- 

 ly predominates over the face, being four to one; 187 and 

 no other animal (except the Siamang Gibbon) has a chin. 



Man stands alone in the peculiarity of his dentition : 

 his teeth are vertical, of nearly uniform height, and close 

 together. In every other animal the incisors and canines 

 are more or less inclined, the canines project, and there 

 are vacant spaces. 188 



Man has a longer lobule to his ear than any Ape, and 

 no muzzle. The bridge of his nose is decidedly convex; 

 in the Apes generally it is flat. 



Man has been called the only naked terrestrial Mam- 

 mal. His hair is most abundant on the scalp; never on 

 the back, as in the Apes. 



Man has a more pliable constitution than the Apes, as 

 shown by his world-wide distribution. The animals near- 

 est him soon perish when removed from their native places. 



Though Man is excelled by some animals in the acute- 

 ness of some senses, there is no other animal in which all 

 the senses are capable of equal development. He only 

 has the power of expressing his thoughts by articulate 

 speech, and the power of forming abstract ideas. 



Man differs from the Apes in the absolute size of 



