THE ALIMENTARY CANAL. 



87 



etc. ; and the abdomen, containing the stomach, intes- 

 tines, etc. The oesophagus passes through a slit in the 



Fie. 52. Ideal Section of a Mammalian Vertebrate : A, pectoral, or fore limb ; B, 

 pelvic, or hind limb: a, mouth; 6, cerebrum; r, cerebellum; d, nose ; , eye; /, 

 ear; g, .oesophagus ; h, stomach ; t, intestine; j, diaphragm, or midriff; k, rectum, 

 or termination of intestine ; I, anus ; m, liver ; n. spleen ; o, kidney ; p, sympa- 

 thetic system of nerves ; 5, pancreas; r, urinary bladder; , spinal cord; t*, ure- 

 ter ; v, vertebral column ; w, heart ; x, lung ; y, trachea, or windpipe ; z, epi- 

 glottis. 



diaphragm, and almost immediately expands into the 

 stomach. 



In the majority of Mammals, the stomach is a muscular 

 bag of an irregular oval shape, lying obliquely across the 

 abdomen. In the Flesh-eaters, whose food is easy of solu- 

 tion, the stomach is usually simple, and lies nearly in the 

 course of the alimentary ca- 

 nal ; but in proportion as the 

 food departs more widely 

 in its composition from the 

 body itself, and is therefore 

 more difficult to digest, we 

 find the stomach increasing 

 in size and complexity, and 

 turned aside from the gen- 

 eral course of the canal, so as 

 to retain the food a longer 



FIG. 53. Section of Horse's Stomach . A t 

 time. The inlet, Or Open- left sac; Bright sac; C, duodenum. 



ing, into the oesophagus is called cardiac / the outlet, or 



