CONTENTS 



PAGE 



Preface to the First Edition v 



Preface to the Second Edition >,..'.: viii 



INTRODUCTION 1 



I. On the Meaning and Scope of Comparative Anatomy 1 



II. Development and Structural Plan of the Vertebrate Body 2 



III. Classified List of the Principal Vertebrate Groups , 13 



IV. Table showing the Gradual Development of the Vertebrata in Time . 15 



SPECIAL PART. 



A. INTEGUMENT 16 



of Amphioxus, Fishes, and Dipnoans 16 



of Amphibians 18 



of Reptiles 20 



of Birds 20 



of Mammals , . . 23 



Mammary Glands 27 



B. SKELETON 30 



1. EXOSKELETON 30 



2. ENDOSKELETON 34 



I. VERTEBRAL COLUMN 34 



of Fishes and Dipnoans 36 



of Amphibians 42 



of Reptiles 45 



of Birds 47 



of Mammals 49 



II. RIBS 52 



of Fishes and Dipnoans 54 



of Amphibians 55 



of Reptiles 56 



of Birds . ...... .' . ' . . . ... . . . ; .\i , 56 



of Mammals 57 



