APPENDIX II. " 341 



increased by the mixtures of earth already described, and the 

 earth in all cases should be- richly manured. 



When the land is thus prepared, in the spring, a trench is 

 opened 17 inches deep in dry, 20 inches deep in wet soils. 

 The outer edge of this trench is 28 inches from the' wall. The 

 earth taken from it is deposited on each side. Vegetable molfl, 

 or compost, mixed with earth, is then spread over the bottom. 

 In this trench the baskets containing the layers are placed. 

 Should the soil be very dry the trench may be opened at 

 39 inches from the foot of the wall, instead of 28. A greater 

 length of the stem is then bedded before it reaches the wall, and 

 the roots, spread over a greater space, will more easily find the 

 portion of moisture which they require. The space to be left 

 between these layers is of course determined by that which it is 

 intended shall be left between the vertical cordons upon the 

 wall. If the cordons are intended to be 14 inches distant one 

 from the other, the layers are separated by an interval of 28 

 inches, as after they have been laid, each layer should furnish 

 two branches at the foot of the wall. A number of layers 

 might be planted equal to the number of stems supporting the 

 cordons, which are intended for the wall ; but in that case they 

 would be separated by a less interval, and would, as it were, 

 starve each other. Moreover, the number of layers being 

 greater, the expense would be increased. 



It will, then, be more advisable to proceed in the manner just 

 described; at all events, in those cases where the wall being 

 only 39 inches in height, all the stems are to extend to the 

 top. 



When the stalks from the layers are separated at the base of 

 the wall by an interval of 28 inches, the number of basket layers 

 planted is equal to that of these stalks. If the first process is 

 adopted, the layers are planted at the point A (Fig. 78), in the 

 centre of the space by which the stalks against the wall are 

 divided one from the other. In the second case, the layers are 

 placed At the point a, in front of each of the points indicated 

 by B. 



The layers are planted in the following manner : From each 



