360 APPENDIX n. 



MaNNBE op FASTENINa THE ShoOTS IN StIMMEB. — ^Thc shootB 



of the vine are fastened in order to prevent their being broken 

 by the wind, and in general this fastening should be twice prac- 

 tised upon the same shoot. The first fastening is made when 

 the shoots have attained a length of about 12 inches. Then the 

 shoots are but slightly compressed in the rush which Serves as 

 a ligature. Otherwise, in growing, they would break them- 

 selves. 



Fifteen days after this first fastening, we proceed to the 

 second, or reeollage^ as it is called by the cultivators of Tho- 

 mery. At this time the shoots are tied as close as is necessary 

 to arrange them conveniently. Thi%process of fastening should 

 be successively made for the diiferent shoots of the same vertical 

 main stalk, and by beginning with the most vigorous we may 

 equalize their strength. The shoots of the vertical cordons 

 should be inclined at an angle of forty-five degrees. 



Renewal of the Ootjesons. — We have seen that in spite of 

 the care which has beeil taken to keep down the spurs by an 

 annual trimming, to the shoot nearest the base, they will always 

 increase a little in length, and the shoot which they bear will 

 diminish in vigor in proportion as they are removed from the 

 point where the spur or lateral branch is attached to the 

 cordon or vertical main stalk. In order to remedy this incon- 

 venience, the shoots which sometimes grow at the base of the 

 spurs are carefully preserved, whatever may be the age of 



Fig. 9r. 



