456 Prof. Owen on the Cerebral Characters of Man and the Ape. 



been found in Rhizoctonia. The little spore-like bodies seem, 

 however, rather to be conidia than true spores ; and we have 

 yet to ascertain what is the real character of these destructive 

 parasites. 



[To be continued.] 



LIII. — On the Cerebral Characters of Man and the Ape. 



By Prof. Richard Owen. 



[Plates XIX. XX. XXL] 



To the Editors of the Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 

 Gentlemen, 



It may be acceptable to those who desire to know the facts 

 of the observed differences between the structure of the brain in 

 the lowest race of Man and in the highest race of Ape to be able 

 to compare the figures of the parts as seen and delineated by 

 Tiedemann*, Vrolik, and Schroeder van der Kolkf, at a period 

 before the authors of ' Vestiges of Creation ' and ' Natural Selec- 

 tion' had revived the question of the transmutation of species, 

 and by anatomists investigating and recording the facts without 

 reference to, or apparently a thought of, the question whether 

 IVIan be or be not a descendant of the Ape. 



I therefore send exact copies of the figures of the smallest 

 Negro's brain, figured by Tiedemann in the ' Philosophical Trans- 

 actions ' for 1836, and of the brain of the Chimpanzee, figured 

 by the Dutch anatomists in the Transactions of the Royal 

 Netherlands Institute for 1849. Figs. 1 and 2, PI. XIX., show 

 the brains of the Negro J and the Chimpanzee of the natural 

 size, and the relative size of the cerebrum to the cerebellum, as 

 observed by Schroeder van der Kolk and Vrolik § in the Chim- 

 panzee {Troglodytes niger). Figs. 1 and 2 in PL XX. show the 

 extent to which the cerebellum is overlapped by the cerebrum, 

 by means of a vertical section of the brain of the Negro ||, and 

 by a like section of the brain of the Chimpanzee^. Fig. 3. 

 PI. XX. is a copy of fig. 4. plaat 2 [torn. cit. Schroeder van der 

 Kolk and Vrolik), showing the extent of the development of the 

 lateral ventricle and its principal eminences in the brain of the 

 Chimpanzee. 



* " On the Brain of the Negro compared with that of the European and 

 the Orang utan," Phil. Trans. 1836. 



t " Ontleedkundige nasparingen over de gedaante en het Maaksel der 

 Hersenen van den Chimpanse." Nieuwe Verhandlingen der erste Klasse 

 van het Koningl. Nederlandsche Instituut, &c. Arasterd. 4to. 



X Tiedemann, loc. cit. tab. 32. § Loc. cit. pi. 1. fig. 2. 



II Tiedemann, loc. cit. pi. 33. 



% Schroeder van der Kolk and Vrolik, pi. 2. fig. 1. 



