Famous Scientists 



559 



succeeded in changing the back-and-forth motion of the piston 

 of this engine to a rotary motion, and this made the steam engine 

 applicable as a motive power for all kinds of machinery. Today 

 the steam engine is used for many purposes, such as driving the 

 machinery of ships, railway engines and manufacturing plants of 

 all kinds. In a comparatively short time the development of the 

 steam engine revolutionized most lines of industry. 



Watt's patents included a number of inventions connected with 

 the steam engine, including the steam gauge and the water gauge. 



In 1775 he became a partner in a firm for the manufacture 

 and sale of steam engines. He retired from business in 1800 

 and died in 1819. A statue was erected to his memory in West- 

 minster Abbey by national subscription. 



Faraday. Michael Faraday was born near London in 1791, 

 the son of a blacksmith. His 

 schooling was very scanty. At 

 twelve years of age he became 

 errand boy to a bookbinder, 

 and later his apprentice. He 

 read some of the books he 

 bound, finding special interest 

 in articles on chemistry and 

 electricity. These articles 

 stimulated him to self -educa- 

 tion. He performed experi- 

 ments and attended evening 

 lectures on science (then 

 called philosophy) . The chem- 

 ist, Sir Humphrey Davy, per- 

 ceiving his ability in chemical 

 and electrical research, en- 

 gaged him as secretary and 

 traveling companion. Through 

 this patron, he was appointed 

 to the Royal Institution of Great Britain. He presented before 

 that body a long series of scientific papers which enriched the 

 research work of the Royal Institution. 



Brown Brothers. 



MICHAEL FARADAY 



Discovered induced electricity. 



