Famous Scientists 



563 



a small amount of a diluted virus, produced by making a succes- 

 sion of pure cultures of a certain disease-causing virus, into an 

 animal, he found that the animal, after having a mild attack, was 

 thereafter immune to that disease. The success of this method 

 was first shown in the prevention of chicken cholera and of splenic 

 fever in cattle. The same method is now successfully used to 

 combat disease in man by the employment of serums, vaccines 

 and antitoxins. 



The cure for hydrophobia, or rabies, was one of Pasteur's 

 greatest triumphs. At the Pasteur Institute in Paris, named in 

 honor of this great biologist, several thousand cases of rabies have 

 been successfully treated. Among other diseases for which 

 remedies have been discovered at this institute are diphtheria, 

 lockjaw, and bubonic plague. He died in 1895. 



Jenner. Edward Jenner was born at Berkeley, Gloustershire, 

 England in May, 1749. After 

 the completion of his prelim- 

 inary education, he was in- 

 structed in the elements of 

 surgery by a distinguished sur- 

 geon, and at the age of twenty 

 years he went to London 

 where he continued his pro- 

 fessional studies with Dr. John 

 Hunter, a noted physician. He 

 received the degree of M. D. 

 from the University of St. 

 Andrews, Scotland, in 1792. 

 Returning to his native town 

 he practiced his profession 

 successfully. 



Having learned that the 

 peasants of Gloustershire be- 

 lieved that accidental cowpox caught while milking cows was a 

 preventive of the scourge of smallpox, he began a series of ex- 

 periments to determine whether this belief had a basis of truth. 

 As a result of his experiments, he decided the belief had such a 



EDWARD JENNER 



Discoverer of vaccination against smallpox. 



