Famous Scientists 



573 



until 1894 in Munich, when he went to Switzerland for his col- 

 lege education. He did considerable teaching there and was made 

 a Swiss citizen when he be- 

 came Examiner of Patents at 

 Berne. 



Dr. Einstein was appointed 

 head of the physics depart- 

 ment at Prague in 1911. In 

 1913 he was called to Berlin 

 to become the director of the 

 Kaiser-Wilhelm Physical In- 

 stitute. Among the many 

 honors he has received both 

 at home and abroad is the 

 1921 Nobel prize for distin- 

 guished work in physics. 



Dr. Einstein has become 

 most widely known for his 



Brown Brothers. 



ALBERT EINSTEIN 



His theory of relativity is the best known 

 of his many scientific works. 



work on relativity (the rela- 

 tion of space and time) but 

 his contributions to science 

 have been so varied that it is 

 impossible to single out his most important work. 



Langmuir. Irving Langmuir was born in Brooklyn in 1881. 

 He was educated at Columbia University and at the University 

 of Gottingen. Later he taught chemistry for three years at 

 Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, before 

 taking up work in the research department of the General Elec- 

 tric Company at Schenectady. 



Langmuir's first invention of note was the gas-filled electric 

 light bulb. In the early bulbs the filament was placed in a vacuum 

 within the bulb. One disadvantage of this light was that the 

 inner surface of the glass darkened on use and as a result its 

 lighting efficiency was lessened. Dr. Langmuir discovered that 

 bulbs when filled with the gases nitrogen or argon did not blacken, 

 and thus the gas-filled bulb came into general use. 



It was largely due to his work that we have the vacuum tube, 



