168 APPENDIX 



and to Fort Anderson. The southern limit of the breed- 

 ing range in Ontario has not yet been determined. 



Winter Range. Most of the black ducks that winter in 

 Massachusetts are A. rubripes, and this is about as far 

 north as the species commonly winters. Along the coast 

 some have been known in winter as far north as Nova 

 Scotia. How far south the species goes has not yet been 

 determined, but it is common on the coast of South Caro- 

 lina from November to March, and a specimen was taken 

 in Mississippi County, Ark., Nov. 5, 1887. It occurs west 

 to Nebraska (Greenwood, Lincoln, Calhoun) and un- 

 doubtedly wanders to eastern Kansas. The northern 

 winter limit in the interior is probably from northwestern 

 Pennsylvania to southern Wisconsin. 



Spring Migration. It is impossible to separate the mi- 

 gration records of A. obscura and A. rubripes. The fol- 

 lowing migration notes probably refer for the most part 

 to A. rubripes, because that form winters farther north. 

 In March extensive northward movements of black ducks 

 occur, but it is not until early April that the birds pass 

 beyond the usual winter range. The average date of ar- 

 rival for seventeen years in southern Maine is April 7; 

 the earliest, March 19, 1894; the average date for Mont- 

 real is April 14, and March 27, 1889, is the earliest ; Que- 

 bec, average, April 18 (earliest, April 6, 1896) ; Godbout, 

 Quebec, average, April 21 ; Prince Edward Island, April 

 23 (earliest, April 5, 1898.) Farther west the average 

 date of arrival in southern Ontario is April 7 (earliest, 

 March 16, 1901) ; average at Ottawa, April 14 (earliest, 

 March 21, 1903.) 



Fall Migration. A black duck was "seen at Washington, 

 D. C, Aug. 1, 1887; one at Alexandria, Va., Aug. 14, 1886, 



