186 APPENDIX 



begins to appear north of its winter range. Average 

 dates of arrival are : Central Illinois, March 23 ; central 

 Iowa, March 23 (average of sixteen years) ; Heron Lake, 

 Minn., March 26; central Nebraska, March 25; central 

 Colorado, March 12; vicinity of Chicago, 111., April 16; 

 southeastern Minnesota, April 9; central North Dakota, 

 April 13; southern Manitoba (twelve years), April 21; 

 Terry, Mont, April 13. The first were seen near Ed- 

 monton, Alberta, May 1, 1901 ; Fort Chipewyan, Macken- 

 zie, May 7, 1893; Fort Resolution, Mackenzie, May 18, 

 1860, and at the mouth of the Yukon River the second 

 week in May. The general time of breeding can be 

 learned from the following dates : Haywards, Cal., eggs 

 April 25, 1901 ; East Bernard, Tex., downy young May 

 14, 1905 ; Fort Snelling, Minn., eggs May 23 ; North Da- 

 kota, incubated eggs June 7; Oak Lake, Manitoba, eggs 

 May 24, 1892. 



Fall Migration. An individual seen at Erie, Pa., Sept. 

 6, 1893, marks about the beginning of fall migration, and 

 soon after this, by the middle of the month, the earliest 

 migrants have reached the mouth of the Mississippi 

 River. The larger portion has departed from the north- 

 ern United States by the middle of October, and the re- 

 gion just north of the winter range is deserted early in 

 November. South of the United States, at the southern 

 end of Lower California, the first arrivals have been re- 

 corded Oct. 18; Guaymas, Mexico, November; Panama, 

 Oct. 16; Cuba, September; Jamaica, November; Trinidad, 

 December. 



Defila acuta (Linn.) Pin-tail. 



Breeding Range. This is a common breeding duck 

 throughout a wide stretch of country from North Dakota 



