OAKS OF PACIFIC SLOPE. 161 



by David Douglas,* the indefatigable and successful Scotch botanist 

 and explorer, in 1832. The species was named in his honor by Hooker 

 and Arnott, in 1841. 



4. Quercus Chrysolepis. Lieb. 1849. GOLDEN LEAF OAK, 

 MAUL OAK. 



This canon-loving, dark-foliaged oak of the western slopes of the 

 Sierra Nevada, where it often becomes a tree 20 to 40 feet high, dimin- 

 ishing to a low-spreading bush on the higher elevations, is generally 

 at once recognized by its long, narrow leaves, colored yellow beneath 

 when young, with fulvous tomentum or yellow plant hairs. The usually 

 large acorn cups are also densely clothed with short, brittle, golden hairs 

 that leave yellow stripes upon the clothing of intruding visitors. The 

 timber of this tree is strong and durable, and is used for various 

 manufacturing purposes. 



The typical form of this species was first collected by Karl Theodor 

 Hartweg, "on the hills back of Monterey," in 1846. Mr. Hartweg was 

 one of the earliest explorers to visit California, with Mr. Lobb, 1846 to 

 1850, collecting mostly in the vicinity of Monterey Bay, finding many 

 plants the seeds of which were sent abroad for propagation. 



Variety, vaccinifolia (Kellogg), Engelm., 1877. ALPINE OAK. 



This Alpine oak is the low, bushy form found nearly up to timber line 

 on the Sierra peaks, with small, pale, nearly smooth leaves and acorn 

 cups, and was considered a distinct species by Dr. Kellogg, but inter- 

 mediate forms grade down to the typical tree in its best estate. 



Variety, Palmeri (Engelm.), Sargent, 1879. PALMER OAK. 



Near the Mexican boundar}^ line in San Diego, Cal., Dr. Edward 

 Palmer** discovered, 1875, dense thickets of a scrubby oak with rigid 

 branchlets, leaves oblong or mostly orbicular, coriaceous, and spinose- 

 <lentate, acorns ovate acuminate, 1^ inches long. Kegarded by Engel- 

 mann and Greene as a good species, but referred as a variety by Sargent. 



*No description of western trees, especially of the cone-bearing famih*, can be 

 written without more or less allusion to Mr. Douglas. A brief account of him (in 

 connection with his discovery of the Sugar Pine) is given in the report of the writer 

 as the botanist for the 2d Biennial Rep. of the Cal. State Board of Forestry, pages 

 81-82, 1887-1888. He discovered seven of our cone-bearers, one of the noblest of 

 which, the Douglas Spruce (though sparsely collected before), was given his name, 

 1855, and it is still retained for popular use. 



**Edward Palmer was born at Wilton, Eng., 1833. His father was a florist, 

 giving the son an early knowledge of flower culture. He came to America in 1849, 

 setting at Cleveland, Ohio, occupied as a private nurse for a gentleman whose friend, 

 having line gardens, afforded young Palmer many privileges of examination and study. 

 In 1853 he was appointed collector of an expedition sent to Paraguay. Two years 



