166 PACIFIC STATES FLORAL CONGRESS. 



10. Quercus Breweriana. Engelm, 1880. BREWER OAK. 



A low-spreading bush or becoming a small tree, forming thickets on 

 the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada, from near the northern border 

 of the state of California south to Tulare County. On the upper San 

 Joaquin, at an elevation of 5,000 to 6,000 feet, forming vast, almost 

 impenetrable thickets, the slender stems, 12 to 18 feet high, standing 

 for miles as evenly as a field of wheat. Discovered 1862, on a ridge 

 near Mt. Shasta, by Prof. Brewer.* Collected in the vicinity, 1867, 

 by the writer, whose full specimens sent to Dr. Engelmann decided him 

 to regard it as an undescribed species. Prof. Greene refers this to 

 another species, Q. Oerstediana, R. Brown, but Prof. Sargent regards 

 this reference as decidedly incorrect. 



11. Quercus Sadleriana. Brown, 1871. SADLER OAK. 



A shrub 3 to 6 feet high, forming extensive thickets on the high 

 slopes of a limited region in northwestern California and southwestern 

 Oregon, mostly on the Siskiyou Mountains. Discovered, 1852, by John 

 Jeffrey, the Scotch gardener, who collected a sterile branch only, while 

 the full characters remained to be discovered by R. Brown, 1862, on 

 the Crescent. City trail near the Oregon line. Leaves resembling those 

 of the chestnut, but thinner. 



necessary, the early-named groups as required for exact classification. The small 

 group of trees in question have almost perfect chestnut-like leaves, large, long, and 

 erect staminate flowers, fruit cases or cups clothed with long, half-inch, subulate 

 appendages in place of scales. The nuts are broad and short and often slightly tri- 

 angular at the apex these marked characters clearly determining that, as Prof. 

 Greene says, "This peculiar species of tree is as near to the chestnut as to the oak." 

 But as this tree is neither one nor the other, and quite distinct, very properly it may 

 be regarded as entitled to generic rank, when our species would have to be named 

 Pasania densiflora, nom. nov. California Chestnut Oak. 



*Prof. Wm. Henry Brewer was born in Poughkeepsie, New York, 1828. At an 

 early age he showed a fondness for natural scenery and botanical objects, obtained a 

 college education, and early took a chair in the Sheffield Science School, at Yale 

 University, a position he still occupies. In 1860 he was appointed first assistant of 

 the U. S. Geological Survey of California, and came out with a party, of which 

 Prof. J. D. Whitney was chief. California was quite thoroughly explored from 1860 

 to 1864. Professor Brewer was the first to botanize the High Sierra to any extent, 

 gathering plants and taking notes. He subsequently studied the plants for the Botany 

 of California, issued 1876, by Brewer, Watson, and Gray. Professor Sargent writes 

 of him: "Professor Brewer rendered very important services in elucidating the Flora 

 of California, exploring the high peaks of the Sierra Nevada, the remotest fastnesses 

 of which he explored, crossing and recrossing the passes, rewarded by having one of 

 the highest peaks named Mt. Brewer," and, as a farther title to immortality, the writer 

 would add his name was given to a lovely Weeping Spruce, Picea Breweriana, 

 \\ atson, of which Mr. Thomas Howell, of Sauvis Island, Oregon, gathered full speci- 

 mens 1885, on the Siskiyou Mountains, but meager specimens (without fruit) had 

 been collected 1863, on the top of Black Butte or Muir's Peak near Mt. Shasta, by 

 Professor Brewer, so the honor of its first discovery came to him. 



