vi CONTENTS 



CHAP. PAGE 



VII. THE FOLIAGE . 44 



Function of Leaves Carbon Assimilation Quantity of 

 Carbon in Air The Three States of Matter Pores in 

 Leaves Chloroplasts and their Functions Gaseous 

 Exchange by Leaves Leaf-fall. 



VIII. LAND GRANTS 50 



Terms in Ceylon In F. M.S. and Siraits Settlements 

 In Sumatra Native Rights over Wild Rubber Trees in 

 Sumatra A Company's Troubles Terms in Java. 



IX. ELEVATION ... 55 



Heights of Plantations in South India In Ceylon In 

 Sumatra In Java Valuation of High Estates. 



X. DIVISION OF ESTATES 56 



Convenient Sizes for Blocks Sign-posts Their Advan- 

 tages in Assisting Administration. 



XI. ROADS, BRIDGES AND DRAINS .... 58 



Road Building and Costs Bridges Drains The 

 Necessity of Good Drainage for Trees Effects of Air 

 Deficiency in Soil On Soil Bacteria The Paradox of 

 Drought in Water-logged Soils Direction and Fall of 

 Drains Their Numbers, Distances and Depths Bridges 

 over Drains Clearing Drains Costs of Making and 

 Maintaining. 



XII. FELLING 64 



Denseness of Jungle Local Labour for Felling Its 

 Cost Preliminary Felling of Heavy Timber Removal of 

 Stumps and Roots, Methods Danger of Disease from 

 Stumps or Roots of Hardwood Trees Marking these 

 Selection of Timber for Buildings. 



XIII. BURNING 70 



Advantage of Early Felling Warning Neighbouring 

 Estates Danger of Fire Spreading Timber interfering 

 with Weeding Danger of Disease Burning of Timber 

 among Planted Trees Protecting Trees with Galvanized 

 Iron or Green Timber Costs of Burning. 



XIV. LALANG LAND ........ 75 



Advantages of Lalang Land Its Clearing and Weeding 

 Advantages of Old Tobacco Land Of Old Sugar 

 Land Disadvantages of Land in Long-settled Districts 

 Old Coffee Land in Java. 



XV. NURSERIES 79 



Choosing of Parent Trees for Seeds Large and Heavy 

 Seeds Best Guarantee of Germination Promptness in 

 Dispatch Methods of Germination : Uncovered, in 

 Nurseries, at Stake Preparation of Soil in Nurseries 

 Sowing Distance Shade for Nurseries Watering 

 Basket Planting Danger of Twisted Tap-roots 

 Poeterans Object of Nurseries. 



XVI. PLANTING-OUT 88 



Cylinder Method of Lifting Seedlings Stumping 

 Selection of Seedlings Advantages of Stumps Dis- 



