302 



INDEX 



169-171; on yields, 116-7; compul- 

 sory resting of trees, 114; interference 

 with cultivation, 23-4, 33, 113, 229- 

 30; Diplodia and, 113 



Coagulating troughs, 138-9; jars, 153, 

 J 34 



Coagulation. See Latex 



Coconuts, 284; planting distances, 113- 

 14 ; comparison of profits with rubber, 

 295-6 ; shells as latex cups, 1 76 



Coffee, 251, 266, 283-4, 295 ; and plant- 

 ing distance of rubber, 113; old estates 

 in Java, 76 



Colour of rubber, 134-7, 210, 211 



Contour drains, 226, 227, 241 



Coolie-lines, 172, 288-92 ; costs, 291 



Coolie tasks, weeding, 75 ; tapping, 168, 

 172-3,173-4; effect on yields, 173-4 



Co-ordination in Nature, Darwin, 128-9 



Cortex, 36, 37, 40, 43 



Corticium. See Pink Disease 



Costs of felling, 64-7 ; of clean-weeding, 

 223; of circle- weeding, 223; by culti- 

 vators, 224 ; costs of tapping, 168-9, 

 173; of producing rubber, 218-9; f 

 coolie-lines, 291, 292; of drying- 

 houses, 203, 204 ; of drier, 208 



Coverings, weed. See Weeds 



Crepe-rubber, 137, 188-9, 196-7, 211, 

 212; over-working, 199-200; blanket 

 crepe, 199-200 



Creping-mills, 189-190, 192-3, 195 



Crop returns, table of estimated, 294 



Crotalaria as weed covering, 232 



Cultivation, effect on soil water and 

 aeration of soil, 10, 12, 227-8, 228, 

 229 ; on plant-food, 228 ; on soil 

 bacteria, 23-4, 228; on increase in 

 girth of trees, 285 ; on yields, 120, 

 230 ; interference of close-planting 

 with, 23-4, 33, 229-30 



Cultivators, 224 



Cup-washings, rubber, 194, 195, 196, 

 198, 199 



Cups, for latex, 176-7 



DA COSTA smoker coagulator, 138 

 Dadaps, nodules on roots of, 232 

 Daily tapping. See Tapping, Daily 

 Darwin's instance of co-ordination in 



Nature, 128-9 

 Decauville railway, 178 

 Deer, as pests, 281 

 De-nitrification, 59-60 

 Dieback, 266, 270 ; jungle stumps and 



roots and, 72 ; close-planting and, 113 

 Diplodia. See Dieback 

 Direction of tapping cuts, and yield, 142 ; 



of lines of trees, 92 

 Dirty rubber, steeping, 194 

 Disc-ploughs, 224 



Discolouring of latex, 133; of rubber, 



140 

 Diseases, 256-274 ; inspection of trees, 



262 ; danger of epidemics, 259-260 ; 



need for Government action, 260. See 



Burrs, Canker, Dieback, Fomes, Pink 



Disease 



Disinfection. See Antiseptic 

 Distances, rough measurement of, 296-7, 



298 



Distances, planting. See Planting Dis- 

 tances 



Division of estates, 56-7 

 Djamoer-oepas. See Pink Disease 

 Draining, benefits of, to roots, 33, 59, 



61, 119; to soil bacteria, 23, 59. 119; 



combating Fomes, 61, 262 

 Drains, 59-63 ; fall of, 7 1 ; depths, 62 ; 



lining with cement slabs, 62 ; cleaning, 



62 ; costs, 63 ; contour drains, 226, 



227, 241 



Driving of mills. See Mills 

 Drought, effects on trees, 120-3, 2 53 



and suspension of tapping, 140 

 Dry farming, 227 



Dry season. See Season, Drought 

 Drying rubber, 138, 203-8 ; by artificial 



heat, 207-8 ; drying houses, 203-7 ; 



oil-fuel heaters, 208 

 Dynamite for removing stumps and roots, 



67, 74 



EARTH-RUBBER, 137, 140 , 194, 195, 



196, 199 



Elevation of plantations, 55 

 Embryo of Hevea, 27-9 

 Enamelled-iron latex cups, 176 

 Engines, 182-3; position in factory, 292 



FACTORY, 292-3 



Fasciation, 273, 274 



Federated Malay States, land grants and 



rents, 50; planting distance in, 107, 



108, in, 112 ; costs of felling, 64-7 ; 



of weeding, 223; of producing rubber, 



218, 219; of coolie-lines, 291 ; type of 



mill favoured in, 192-3 

 Felling, 64-9 ; costs, 64-7 ; preliminary. 



of heavy timber, 67 ; saving timber for 



buildings, 69 



Fermentation, nature of, 22-3 

 Fertility of soil. See Soil 

 Fertilization of flowers of Hevea, 26 

 Filling holes, 96, 96-9 

 Filter beds, 221 

 Filters, pressure, 221 

 Finishing mills, 190-1 

 Fire dangers, in burning, 70-1 ; from 



mimosa, 234 



First-latex rubber, 195, 196-7 

 Flocculation of clay with lime, 12-14 



