INDEX 



303 



Flowers of Hevea, 26 

 Foliage, spread of, according to age, 1 1 1 ; 

 effects of close-planting, 44, 46, in, 

 112-3, IJ 4> of wide-planting, 115. 

 See Leaves 



Fomes, 257, 259, 260-5 \ and white ants, 

 261-2 ; freedom of lalang and sugar land 

 from, 75, 76; encouraged by hard- 

 wood stumps and roots, 68-9, 72, 260- 

 i ; soil drainage and, 6 1, 262; use of 

 lime, 262, 265 ; treatment, 262, 265 ; 

 effect of channelling, 228 

 Food, in soil, 9, 15, 119, 247-9; * n su ^' 

 soil, 14-15; replenishing of food, 

 9 ; made available by cultiva- 

 tion, 228. See Nitrogen, Potash, 

 Phosphoric Acid, Soil 



mineral, passage upwards to leaves, 



34, 40 



manufactured in tree, 38-9, 46 ; 



passage and storage, 38-9, 43 



Forking, 222, 228, 229 



Frequency of tapping. See Tapping, 

 frequency 



Full-herring-bone tapping, 146, 160-2 



Full-spiral tapping, 145-6 



Fungi and plant diseases, 256-9; in 

 badly-aerated soils, 33, 262 ; attacking 

 unhealthy trees, 256 ; soil treatment 

 with lime for, 262 ; in factory, 139, 

 140. See Diseases, Fomes, etc. 



GAMBIER, 76, 282, 295 



Germination of Hevea seed, process of, 



26-9 ; at stake, 80, 92-5 ; in nurseries, 



80-4 ; in baskets, 84 ; in poeterans, 84 

 Girdling the tree, effects, 145-6 

 Girth, measuring, 285-6, 286 ; effect of 



planting distance on, 115; increase 



with cultivation, 285 ; minimum for 



tapping, 141-2 

 Glass cups, 176-7 

 Gouge, bent, 175 



Grades of rubber, percentages of, 197-9 

 Grading rubber, 195-9; smoked rubber, 



199 



Grant Allen on organization of tree, 39 

 Grasses for preventing soil- wash, 225-6, 



226, 226-7, 237 

 Gravel soils, II, 252 

 Green manure. See Manures, Green 

 Ground-nuts, 282 



HALF-HERRING-BONE tapping, 146, 154, 



157, 158, 166 

 Half-spiral tapping, 154 

 Hardwood stumps and roots, Fomes and, 



68-9, 72, 260-1. See Stumps, Roots 

 Health precautions, 300 

 Heart-wood, 36, 37, 39, 40 

 Hemp, 282 



Heneratgoda experiments, 162-6 

 Herring-bone tapping, full, 146, 160-2 ; 



half-herring-bone, 146, 154, 157, 158, 



166 



Holes, digging and depth, 95-6, 97 

 Humus soil, 1 1 

 Hydrochloric acid test for lime, 244-7 



INDIA, south, elevation o plantations 



in. 55 



Indigo, as weed-covering, 234 ; as catch- 

 crop, 234, 282 



Inspection of planted-out seedlings, 99 ; 

 of trees for disease, 262 



Insurance of rubber, 217 



Inter-crops, 282-4; rainfall and, 254; 

 need for manuring, 251 



J. A. TYPE of washing-mill, 192-3 



Java, land grants and rents, 54 ; eleva- 

 tion of plantations in, 55 ; old coffee 

 estates in, 76 ; cost of producing 

 rubber, 219; of coolie-lines, 291 



Jebong knife, 175 



Jungle, denseness of, 64 



KAINIT, 249 



Kalkstickstoff, 249 



Klanang Produce Co., coconuts and 



rubber, 295-6 

 Knives, tapping, 175-6 

 Kratok as weed-covering, 231-2 



LABOUR, local, for felling, 64 



Lalang, 67, 75-6, 77, 222-3, 231, 233, 



235, 295 

 Lamtora for preventing soil-wash, and as 



green manure, 236 

 Land, rents, etc., 50-4 

 Latex cups, 176-7; spouts, 177-8; 

 buckets, 178 ; carriers, 178 



straining, 133; skimming, 133; 



stirring, 140; effect of sunlight, 

 133-4; coagulation, 134-40; by 

 acetic acid, 134 ; by smoking, 

 138; spontaneous, 137; use of 

 sodium bisulphite, 134-7 



uses to tree, 43, 128-131 ; character 



and contents, 130; discoloration, 

 123 

 Laticiferous vessels, 43. See Plate, facing 



p. xvi 



Leaf-fall, 49 



Leaves, function, 34, 38, 44, 46 ; oxygen 



exchange, 38, 44, 46-9; evaporation 



of water, 34, 120-3, 2 53- ^ ee Foliage 



Leguminous plants, nodules on roots, 20, 



21-2, 232 



Light, and carbon assimilation, 32, 44, 

 46; and growth of tree, 44, in, 112, 

 114,117. See Sunlight 



