INDEX 



305 



Pruning, 100-4 > thumb-nail, 100-3 ; 

 sawing off tops of spindly trees, 103 ; 

 of wind-broken trees, 104 ; removing 

 useful branches, loo, 101 ; of lower 

 branches to help bark renewal, 169- 

 170; pruning of roots, 228, 229, 230 



QUARTER-SECTIONS for tapping,' 153-4, 

 157, 166 



RAILWAYS, light, 178-81 

 Rainfall, 253-5 > minimum for Hevea, 

 254-5 ; interference with tapping, 255 ; 

 keeping returns, 254 

 Rats, as pests, 281 



Renewal of bark. See Bark Renewal 

 Rents of land, 50, 54 

 Reserve of unplanted land, need for, 171 

 Respiration of tree, 38, 44, 46-9 

 Roads, making and costs, 58 

 Rollers, width, 186, 192, 202; speed, 

 186, 188, 190, 192; depth of grooving, 

 186-7, 190 ; cast-iron, 191 j chilled 

 steel, 191 ; spare, 200 

 Root nodules, bacterial, 21-2, 232 

 Roots of Hevea, 31, 32; root hairs, 32, 

 33; water absorption, 32, 118; 

 root pressure, 33-4 ; food absorp- 

 tion, 32, 119 ; need of air, 32-3 ; 

 and drainage, 33, 59, 61, 119; 

 need of space, 32 ; effect of close- 

 planting on, 1 1 1-2; of wide- 

 planting, 115; depth of, in soil, 

 225 ; effect of chankolling on, 

 228, 230 ; pruning, 228, 229, 230 ; 

 twisted in seedlings, 84, 87, 88 ; 

 excretions, 15-16; disease (see 

 Fomes) 



of jungle trees, removal, 67, 74; 



with monkey-jacks, 67, 74 ; use of 

 dynamite, 67, 74 ; Fomes and, 

 68-9, 72, 260-1 



Rubber, analysis as test of quality, 130 ; 

 keeping records of outputs, 140'; dirty, 

 steeping, 194. See Plantation Rubber, 

 Preparation, Drying, etc. 



SANDY soils, u, 59, 252 



Sap-wood, 36, 37, 38, 40 



Science and rubber cultivation, 1-2 



Scientific explanation of life, 36-8, 49 



Scrap rubber, 137, 140, 188, 194, 195, 



196, 198, 199; strength, 137 

 Season for planting-out, 99 ; dry, effect 



on trees, 120-3, 253 ; suspension of 



tapping, 140 

 Seedlings of Hevea, 27 ; watering, 83-4 ; 



protection from sun, 83 ; selection of, 



88-91 ; twisted roots, 84, 87, 88 ; 



stumping, 88-92 ; lifting with cylinder, 



88 



Seeds of Hevea, 27 ; process of germina- 

 tion, 26-9 ; dispersion by explosion, 

 29 ; oil in, 30 ; vitality, 30, 8c ; 

 reserving parent trees for, 171 ; 

 .selection of, 79 ; guarantee of germina- 

 tion, 79-80 ; methods of germination 

 (see Germination) 



Selection of seeds, 79 ; of seedlings, 88- 



91 



Shade, for nurseries, 83 ; excessive in 

 plantation, 44, 46, in. 112-3, JI 4 



Shafting, speed of, 193 



Shanghai jars, 133, 134 



Shaw's smoker coagulator, 138 



Sheet rubber, 191, 211-2 



Sheeting mill, 191, 211-2 



Shields, for trees, during burning, 72-4 



Sieve-tubes, 38, 39, 43 



Single oblique cuts in tapping, 154, 157, 

 160-2, 162, 166 



Skimming, latex, 133, 139. See Lump- 

 rubber 



Skinner's, Mr, experiments, 160-2 



Smoke, coagulation by, 138, 209 ; anti- 

 septic effects of, 209 



Smoking-houses, 212-3 



Smoking rubber, 137, 191, 209-215 ; 

 advantages, 209, 210, 21 1 ; in quality, 

 212; and colour, 210, 212; and 

 grading, 199 



Sodium bisulphite, 134-7 



Soil, origin of, 6, 7-8, 9 ; structure, 9, 18- 

 19, 20 ; sampling, 244 ; analysis, 14, 

 247 ; mineral elements in, 8-9 (see 

 Food) ; in sub-soil, 14, 15 ; availability 

 of constituents, 12, 228, 247, 250; a 

 barren soil, 7 ; exhaustion with 

 tapioca, etc., 76; improvement with 

 lime, 12, 13-4, 96, 250, 252 ; acidity 

 (sourness), 14, 15, 23, 95, 96, 244 

 (testing) ; carbonic acid gas formed in, 

 8, 21 ; poisonous root excretions in, 

 15-6; air-spaces, 18-9; aeration of, 

 need and effects, 12, 20, 24, 31, 32- 

 33 33 "9 (see Drainage); water in, 

 behaviour, 10-11, 118, 227-8, 228 

 (see Drainage, Water) ; capillary action, 

 10-n; burning, 15, 96; wash, pre- 

 vention, 225-6, 226, 226-7, 228, 236- 

 43, 245 ; classes of soils, 1 1 ; sandy, 

 H 59> 2 5 2 ; gravel, II, 252; loam, 

 II ; humus, 11 ; clay (see Soils, Clay). 

 See Cultivation, Water, Bacteria, Lime 



Soils, clay, 11-14; roots in, 32; im- 

 provement with lime, 12-14, 252 ; 

 with green manure, 12, 235 ; by 

 cultivation, 229 ; drought in, 61 



Sourness of soil. See Soil, Acidity 



Spiral tapping, full, 145-6; half-spiral, 



154 

 Spouts for latex, 177-8 



