DOM/WIC YKSTILATION. 347 



ray scheme for domestic ventilation and the regulation of 

 home climate. 



The model house must have an upcast shaft, placed as 

 nearly in the middle of the building as possible, with which 

 every room must communicate either by a direct opening 

 or through a lateral shaft. An ordinary chimney built in 

 the usual manner is all that is required to form such a 

 main shaft. 



There must be no stoves nor any fireplaces in any room 

 excepting the kitchen, of which anon. All the windows 

 must be made to fit closely, as nearly air-tight as possible. 

 No downcast shaft is required, the pressure of the sur- 

 rounding outer atmosphere being sufficient. Outside of 

 the house, or on the ground floor (on the north side, if 

 possible), should be a chamber heated by flues, hot air, 

 steam, a suitable stove, or water-pipes, and with one ad- 

 justable opening communicating with the outer fresh air, 

 and another on the opposite side connected by a shaft or 

 air- way with the hall of the ground floor and the general 

 staircase. 



Each room to have an opening at its upper part com- 

 municating with the chimney, like an Arnott's ventilator, 

 and capable of adjustment as regards area of aperture, 

 and other openings of corresponding or excessive com- 

 bined area leading from the hall or staircase to the lower 

 part of the room.- These may be covered with perforated 

 zinc or wire gauze, so that the air may enter in a gentle, 

 broken stream. 



All the outer house-doors must be double, i.e., with a 

 porch or vestibule, and only one of each pair of doors 

 opened at once. These should be well fitted, and the stair- 

 case air-tight. The kitchen to communicate with the rest 

 of the house by similar double doors, and the kitchen fire 

 to communicate directly with the upcast shaft or chimney 

 by as small a stove-pipe as practicable. The kitchen fire 

 will thus start the upcast and commence the draught of air 

 from the warm chamber through the house towards the 

 several openings into the shaft. In cold weather, this up- 

 cast action will be greatly reinforced and maintained by the 

 general warmth of all the air in the house, which itself will 



