30 PINACEAE (PINE FAMILY) 



EE. Leaves of only i form; seeds 2 under each scale. 

 F. Leaves solitary. 



G. Branchlets not roughened by persistent leaf bases; bracts either longer than 

 the cone scales, or else shorter and the cones erect and their scales dropping 

 from the axis. 



H. Leaves flat or 4-sided, often notched at apex; leaf scars circular; mature 

 cones erect; scales dropping from the cone axis; bract usually shorter than the 

 scales. ABIES (p. 31) 



HH. Leaves flat, never notched at apex; leaf scars transversely oval; mature 

 cone pendulous; scales persistent to the cone axis; bracts longer, than the 

 scales. W. C. E. The most abundant lumber tree of the Northwest. 

 (Gk. pseudos = false; Jap. tsuga = the Hemlock.) 



Pseudotsuga taxifolia (DOUGLAS FIR) 



GG. Branchlets roughened by persistent leaf-bases; bracts shorter than the 

 cone scales; cone pedulous; cone scales persistent on the axis. 



I. Leaves if flat with stomates below, with i dorsal resin duct; cone scales 

 entire, rounded. TSUGA (p. 31) 



II. Leaves if flat with stomates above, with 2 lateral resin ducts or none; cone 

 scales not entire, or if so not rounded. PICEA (p. 32) 



FF. Leaves in bunches of 2 or more. 



J. Leaves in bunches of more than 5, deciduous; bunches not sheathed at base; 

 cones solitary; pistillate cones maturing at the end of the first season. 



LARIX (p. 32) 



JJ. Leaves in bunches of 2-5, evergreen; bunches sheathed at base; staminate 

 cones clustered; pistillate cones maturing at the end of the second or third 

 season. PINUS (p. 32) 



JUNIPERUS (JUNIPER) 



Shrubs or trees. Leaves evergreen, sessile, awl-like or scalelike, opposite 

 or in whorls of 3. Flower-bunches and berries small. Staminate flower- 

 bunch oblong or ovoid; scales with 2-6 pollen sacs. Fruit a bluish berry, 

 globose ; pistillate scales few, opposite or in whorls of 3. Seeds 1-4, bony. 

 (Celtic name.) 



A. Leaves in whorls of 3, all awl-shaped; buds scaly; cones axillary; pistillate cones 

 with smaller scales at the tip; alpine shrub, prostrate, i m. or less tall. W. C. E. 



J. communis (DWARF JUNIPER) 



AA. Leaves opposite or in whorls of 3, often awl-shaped on young plants, but scale- 

 like on mature plants; buds naked; cones terminal on short axillary branches; 

 pistillate cones with larger scales at the tip; not alpine, erect, shrub or tree, 15 m. 

 or less tall. 



B. Leaves very resinous, dark green. E. J. occidentalis (WESTERN JUNIPER) 



BB. Leaves not resinous, often glaucous. W. E. 



J. scopulorum (ROCKY MOUNTAIN JUNIPER) 



CHAMAECYPARIS 



Trees. Leaves minute, 4-ranked.' Cones small, monoecious, terminal. 

 Staminate cone scales many, 4-ranked, with 2 pollen sacs. Pistillate cones 



