FUMARIACEAE (BLEEDING-HEART FAMILY) 105 



ESCHSCHOLTZIA (CALIFORNIA POPPY) 



Herbs, glabrous; juice bitter, of the stem colorless, of the root red or 

 yellow. Leaves finely dissected. Sepals 2, united into a conical cap, 

 detached and pushed off by the growth of the petals. Petals 4. Stamens 

 many. Capsule elongated, strongly ro-veined, opening usually from the 

 bottom up by 2 valves. Seeds many. (Honor of J. F. Eschscholtz, a 

 German botanist.) 



A. Leaves ternately i-3-compound; flowers 2.5-10 cm. wide. 



B. Flowers 5-10 cm. wide; escaped from gardens. W. E. E. californica 



BB. Flowers 2.5-5 cm. wide; native. W. E. E. douglasii 



AA. Leaves pinnate, 5-foliolate; flowers 1-2.5 cm. wide. U. E. hypecoides 



PAPAVER (POPPY) 



Herbs, hispid or glaucous; sap milky, narcotic. Leaves alternate, 

 lobed or dissected. Flowers nodding when in bud, showy. Sepals 2-3. 

 Petals 4-6. Stamens many. Capsule globose to oblong, opening near 

 the tip. Seeds many. (Said to be from Celtic papa = pap ; because 

 poppy juice was formerly put into the food of children to make them sleep.) 



A. Leaves pinnately parted; herbage hairy, not glaucous. 



B. Capsule club-shaped, stiff-hairy; native. E. P. argemone (CLUB POPPY) 



BB. Capsule subglobose or top-shaped, glabrous; escaped from gardens. W. 



P. rhoeas (FIELD POPPY) 



AA. Leaves merely lobed; herbage glabrate, glaucous; escaped from gardens. W. 

 This is the source of opium. P. somniferum (GARDEN POPPY) 



FUMARIACEAE (BLEEDING-HEART FAMILY) 



Herbs, tender; juice watery. Leaves compound, dissected, 

 alternate. Flowers perfect, irregular. Sepals 2, small, hyaline. 

 Petals 4, 1-2 of them spurred, somewhat united. Stamens 6, dia- 

 delphous, opposite the outer petals. Ovary superior. Capsule 

 i-celled; placentae 2, parietal. 



A. 2 outer (larger) petals alike, both spurred at base. DICENTRA (p. 105) 



AA. 2 outer (larger) petals unlike, only i spurred at base. CORYDALIS (p. 106) 



DICENTRA (BLEEDING-HEART) 



Perennial, acaulescent. Flowers in scapose racemes. Corolla cordate 

 at base ; petals in 2 pairs ; outer pair spurred or saccate at base ; inner 

 pair clawed, united above. Style slender. Capsule oblong or linear, 

 2-valved. (Gk. dis = twice, kentron a spur ; from the 2-spurred co- 

 rolla.) 



A. Flowers in a raceme or panicle, white or pinkish. 

 B. Corolla 2-spurred at base, white or pinkish. 



