RUBIACEAE (MADDER FAMILY) 211 



C. Scape glabrous or slightly hairy above. W. C. E. 



P. lanceolata (ENGLISH PLANTAIN) 



CC. Scape densely woolly above. W. P. macrocarpa 



BB. Seeds 4-5, plump, neither flat nor concave on the face. E. P. eriopoda 



AAA. Leaves linear. 

 D. Capsule 2-seeded. 



E. Leaves fleshy; seashore plant. W. P. maritima (SEASIDE PLANTAIN) 



EE. Leaves not fleshy; not particularly seashore plants. 

 F. Bracts J-iJ as long as the calyx, not aristate. 



G. Scape densely woolly; bracts about as long as calyx. W. C. E. P. purshii 

 GG. Scape glabrous to pubescent; bracts about as long as the calyx. U. 



P. tetrantha 



FF. Bracts 2-8 times as long as the calyx, aristate. 

 H. Spikes dense; plant dark green; bracts 5-10 times as long as the calyx. W. 



P. aristata 



HH. Spike interrupted; plant light green; bracts about twice as long as the calyx. 

 E. P. spinulosa 



DD. Capsule 4-seeded. 



I. Plant usually glabrous; leaves linear; corolla-lobes remaining open in the cap- 

 sule; spike dense; capsule 3-4 mm. long. W. P. bigelovii 

 n. Plant ashy-puberulent; leaves linear-spatulate; corolla lobes closing over the 

 capsule; spike not dense; capsule 2 mm. long. C. E. P. elongata 



RUBIACEAE (MADDER FAMILY) 



Herbs, annual or perennial. Leaves simple, opposite or whorled, 

 i-5-veined from the base. Flowers perfect, regular. Calyx 

 4-toothed, or limbless and thus apparently none. Corolla funnel- 

 form to rotate, 4-lobed. Stamens as many as corolla lobes and 

 alternate with them, on the corolla. Ovary inferior, 2-celled; 

 styles 1-2. Fruit a capsule or berry or drupe; 2-lobed or -parted. 

 Seeds i to many. 



A. Leaves opposite; stipules small, scarious. W. C. E. (Honor of A. Kellogg, 

 an American botanist.) Kelloggia galioides 



AA. Leaves whorled or occasionally some of them opposite; stipules none. 



GALIUM (p. 211) 

 GALIUM (BEDSTRAW) 



Stem 4-angled. Calyx-limb none or minutely toothed. Corolla rotate. 

 Styles 2. Fruit of 2 somewhat spherical halves, dry or fleshy, smooth to 

 bristly ; separating into 2 indehiscent carpels. (L. gala = milk ; some 

 species were used to curdle milk.) 



A. Leaves 2-4 in a whorl but never all in 2's, i-s-veined from the base. 

 B. Leaves 3-s-veined from the base. 



C. Fruit hispid with hooked hairs; leaves 12-37 mm. long; leaf margin ciliate; 

 flowers yellowish green. W. C. G. kamtschaticum (NORTHERN WILD LICORICE) 

 CC. Fruit either smooth or hispid with hooked hairs; leaves 25-63 mm. long ; 

 leaf margin ciliate or not; flowers clear white. W. C. E. 



G. boreale (NORTHERN BEDSTRAW) 



