DIPSACACEAE (TEASEL FAMILY) 215 



VALERIANELLA (CORN SALAD) 



Basal leaves tufted, entire; stem leaves sessile often dentate. Flowers 

 perfect. Calyx limb short or none. Corolla nearly regular. (Diminutive 

 of Valeriana, a related genus.) 



A. Stems not dichotomous; corolla white or pink; leaf margin not ciliate. 

 B. Corolla 6-7 mm. long, rose color, the spur half as long as the tube or less; fruit 

 strongly keeled on the back, broadly winged. W. C. E. V. congesta 



BB. Corolla 1-3 mm. long. 

 C. Spur of the corolla about as long as the tube; fruit obscurely keeled on the back. 



D. Wing of the fruit wide, as long as the fruit body. E. V. macrocera 

 DD. Wing of the fruit narrow, shorter than the body. E. V. mamillata 



CC. Spur of the corolla none or about half as long as the tube; fruit strongly keeled 

 on the back. 



E. Corolla spurred. 



F. Fruit wingless. W. C. E V. samolifolia 



FF. Fruit winged. U. E. V. aphanoptera 



EE. Corolla spurless; fruit winged. W. C. E. V. anomala 



AA. Stems dichotomous; corolla pale blue; upper leaves ciliate at margin. W. 



V. olitoria 



VALERIANA (VALERIAN) 



Flowers perfect or dioecious or the two mixed. Calyx teeth deciduous, 

 inrolled and hidden when in bloom. Corolla tube cylindric to obconic, not 

 spurred. (Said to be from L. valere = to be strong ; on account of the 

 medicinal properties of V. officinalis.) 



A. Leaflets of the stem leaves coarsely dentate, ovate-lanceolate to orbicular; flowers 

 6-8 mm. long; plant from a creeping rhizome. W. C. E. V. sitchensis 



AA. Leaflets of the stem leaves entire or the terminal one merely 3-cleft. 

 B. Corolla 4-8 mm. long, its tube less than twice as long as its limb. 

 C. Basal leaves mostly of 3-5 leaflets; divisions of the stem leaves ovate-lanceolate 



to orbicular; plant from a creeping rhizome. (See A.) 

 CC. Basal leaves mostly simple and entire; divisions of the stem leaves linear to 



lanceolate. 



D. Leaves thick, entire or the segments not dentate, veins somewhat parallel; 



stems from an erect fusiform rhizome-root. E. V. ceratophylla (TOBACCO ROOT) 



DD. Leaves thin, entire or the segments dentate, veins reticulate; stems from 



horizontal rhizomes. C. V. sylvatica (WOOD VALERIAN) 



BB. Corolla 14-15 mm. long, its tube twice as long as its limb. E. V. columbiana 



DIPSACACEAE (TEASEL FAMILY) 



Herbs, biennial, rough-hairy or prickly. Leaves opposite; stip- 

 ules none. Flowers perfect, lilac, in dense involucrate spiny heads, 

 subtended by bracts and involucels; receptacle elongated or glo- 

 bose. Calyx limb cup-shaped, 4-toothed. Corolla 2-lipped, 4- 

 lobed. Stamens 4 on corolla tube, alternate with the lobes; an- 

 thers versatile. Ovary inferior, i -celled; style filiform. Fruit 



