222 COMPOSITACEAE (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 



BB. Shrubs, glabrous but sticky; staminate and pistillate heads on separate plants. 

 E. (The name of some shrub dedicated to the god Bacchu c .) 



Baccharis pilularis (WINE BUSH) 

 AA. Rays yellow. 

 N. Pappus of scales or rigid awns. 



O. Heads large, 10-25 mm. high, many-flowered; pappus of 2-8 rigid awns; invo- 

 lucre bracts often gummy, often recurved at tip. GRINDELIA (p. 223) 

 OO. Heads small, 4-6 mm. high, 2-20 flowered; pappus of 4-14 scales; involucre 

 bracts not gummy, not recurved at tip. (Honor of the Gutierrez family of the 

 Spanish nobility.) Gutierrezia (BROWN-WEED) 

 NN. Pappus or most of it of capillary bristles. 

 P. Pappus of 2 distinctly different whorls, an inner of scabrous capillary bristles, 



an outer of small scales or bristles. 



Q. Involucre bracts in several indistinct whorls, the outer distinctly shorter. 

 (Gk. chrysos = gold, opsis = like; referring to the golden yellow flowers.) 



Chrysopsis (GOLDEN ASTER) 



QQ. Involucre bracts in 1-2 indistinct whorls, all about equal. (Gk. er = 

 spring, geron = an old man; some early species are very hoary.) 



Erigeron (FLEABANE) 



PP. Pappus of a single whorl of bristles or else the whorls alike when more than i. 

 R. Involucre bracts not in vertical rows; rays rarely fewer than 5; leaves various ; 



herbs or shrubs. 



S. Pappus bristles equal or nearly so; heads 3-12 mm. wide. (L. solidare = to 

 make whole; on account of the reputed vulnerary properties.) 



Solidago (GOLDENROD) 



SS. Pappus bristles unequal; heads often more than 12 mm. wide. 

 T. Leaves often not as in TT in all characters; involucre hemispheric or widely 

 campanulate; herb or shrub, viscid or not. (Gk. aploos = simple; -4- pappus; 

 the pappus is not plumose.) Aplopappus 



TT. Leaves spatulate to filiform, 6-25 mm. long, sessile, entire; involucre 

 narrowly campanulate to oblong; shrub, viscid. E. Erica is a genus of 

 heather. (Gk. meros = a part; because the leaves are heather-like.) 



Ericameria nana (FALSE HEATHER) 



RR. Involucre bracts in 3-4 vertical rows; rays 1-4; leaves narrowly linear or 

 spatulate-linear; shrub. (See D.) Chrysothamnus (RABBIT BRUSH) 



AAA. Rays some color other than yellow. 

 U. Pappus none or of scales or of small hairlike bristles or of stout awnlike bristles, 



in one whorl. 



V. Plant glabrous, 3-18 dm. high; heads many; rays white; pappus of several small 

 scales and 2 small stiff bristles. E. (Honor of J. Bolton, an English botanist.) 



Boltonla occidentalis 



W. Plant puberulent to very hairy, acaulescent to 4 dm. high; heads few in most 

 species; rays various; pappus of ray flowers either none or of more than 2 

 bristles. 



W. Scapes leafless and bractless; leaves obovate or spatulate, entire or obscurely 

 dentate; pappus either none or a ring of minute bristles. W. Sometimes 

 sown on lawns for beauty. (L. bellis = pretty; referring to the flowers.) 



Bellis perennls (GARDEN DAISY) 



WW. Scapes sometimes leafy below, bracted; leaves spatulate to linear, entire; 



pappus a ring of stout rough awnlike bristles. E. (Honor of D. Townsend, an 



American botanist.) Townsendia (TOWNSENDIA) 



UU. Pappus of many capillary bristles, sometimes in 2 whorls and then the outer 



sometimes of shorter bristles or of scales. 

 X. Either involucre bracts or else rays not as below; akenes usually flat. 



