COMPOSITACEAE (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 233 



flowers usually truncate or obtuse, without appendages at tip or with short 

 ones. Pappus of capillary bristles but often deciduous; bristles many, 

 smooth to plumose. 



A. Herbs. 



B. Most of the leaves on each plant opposite. (Said to be from Gk. arnakis = a 

 lamb's skin; referring to the softness of the heads.) Some medicinal; many poisonous. 



Arnica 



BB. Leaves alternate or all basal. 

 C. Leaves all basal. 



D. Scapes densely large-bracted; leaves wider than lanceolate, often more than 

 10 cm. long; flowers white or pinkish. PETASITES (p. 233) 



DD. Scapes naked; leaves linear to oblanceolate, 2.5-10 cm. long; flowers 

 yellow. (Diminutive of Raillardia, a related genus.) Raillardella 



CC. Some leaves on the stem. 



E. Heads radiate. 



F. Annual; receptacle conic. W. E. (Gk. krokis = the nap or woolliness of 

 cloth; the leaf -axils are hairy.) Crocidium multicaule 



FF. Perennial; receptacle flat. A large and difficult genus. (L. senex = an 

 old man; referring to the hoary heads of some.) Senecio (RAGWORT) 



EE. Heads rayless. 



G. Heads 4-io-flowered. 



H. Leaves entire, 1-2.5 cm. long; heads about lo-flowered. W. C. E. (An 



anagram of Inula, another genus of this family.) Luina hypoleuca 



HH. Leaves coarsely dentate, 5-25 cm. long; heads 4-6-flowered. C. (It 



was first found on Mt. Rainier.) Rainiera stricta 



GG. Heads more than xo-flowered. 



I. Leaves palmately 5-Q-lobed or -cleft or -parted, palmately veined. C. E. 

 (Cacalia is a related genus; Gk. opsis = like; hence resembling Cacalia.) 



Cacaliopsis nardosmia 

 n. Leaves entire to pinnately compound, not palmately veined. (See FF.) 



Senecio (RAGWORT) 



AA. Shrubs. E. (Gk. tetradymos = 4-fold; because many species have just 4 flowers 

 in a head.) Tetradymia 



PETASITES (COLT'S-FOOT) 



Perennial; rhizome thick, horizontal. Heads rayless or radiate, in a 

 raceme or corymb, on large bracted stems, appearing before the leaves, 

 dioecious or somewhat so; involucre herbaceous. Pistillate corolla 2-5- 

 toothed. Pappus bristles soft, white, long. (Gk. petasos = a broad- 

 brimmed hat; referring to the leaves.) 



A. Leaves reniform-orbicular, 1.5-4 dm. wide, 7-n-cleft. W. E. Petioles cooked 

 and eaten like Rhubarb. P. speciosus (LARGE COLT'S-FOOT) 



AA. Leaves longer than wide, 0.5-2.5 dm. long. 

 B. Leaves broadly sagittate, irregularly dentate to almost entire. E. 



P. sagittatus (ARROW-LEAF COLT'S-FOOT) 

 BB. Leaves ovate or oblong, s-y-lobed; alpine. W. C. E. 



P. frigidus (ARCTIC COLT'S-FOOT) 



CYNAREAE (Thistle Tribe). Herbs. Leaves alternate. Heads ray- 

 less ; involucre much imbricated. Corolla 5-cleft. Anthers tailed at base. 



