236 COMPOSITACEAE (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 



BB. Pappus scalelike or of bristles which have a scalelike base; akenes not beaked. 

 C. Pappus of 4-10 scales or bristles, simple or plumose when bristles. 

 D. Pappus of 4-10 bristles, each arising as a continuation of an unforked scale- 

 like or enlarged base; heads erect. 



E. Annual; heads nodding; involucre bracts all nearly equal except for a few 



very small ones outside. U. (Gk. micros = small, seris = chicory.) Microseris 



EE. Perennial; heads erect; involucre scales gradually shorter in successive 



whorls. (Diminutive of Scorzonera, a related genus.) Scorzonella 



DD. Pappus of 5 bristles, each arising from the fork of a 2-toothed scalelike base; 



heads nodding; annual. E. (Gk. oura =a tail; + pappus; because the 



pappus scales are awned.) Uropappus linearifolium 



CC. Pappus of 15-40 scales or bristles. 



F. Stems 5-25 cm. high, leafy; pappus bristles plumose, 15-20; leaves entire to 

 pinnatifid; young heads nodding. Gk. ptilon = a feather; Calais is an old genus 

 of Compositaceae. Ptilocalais 



FF. Stem none; pappus bristles not plumose, 20-50; leaves entire or wavy; young 

 heads always erect. E. (Gk. nothos = spurious ; Calais is an old genus of Composi- 

 taceae.) Nothocalais 

 BBB. Pappus of bristles without a widened scalelike base. 

 G. Bristles of the pappus plumose. 

 H. Bristles of the pappus plumose to near the tip; perennial. 



I. Leaves stiffy-hairy on both sides; receptacle chaffy; akene long-beaked. 

 W. C. (Gk. hypo = under, chaeris = young pigs; because pigs like the roots.) 



Hypochaeris radicata (CAT'S-EAR) 



II. Leaves glabrous or thinly soft-hairy; receptacle naked; akene beakless or 

 nearly so. W. (Gk. Icon = a lion, odous = a tooth; referring to the leaf- 

 teeth.) Leontodon autumnale (FALL DANDELION) 



HH. Bristles of the pappus plumose only near the base; akenes beakless; annual. 



Malacothrix 



GO. Bristles of the pappus not plumose. 

 J. Plants acaulescent; leaves all basal; flowers solitary on leafless bractless un- 



branched scapes. 



K. Leaves entire or merely obscurely wavy; scape only i; heads nodding in 



bud; mature akene beakless, truncate. (See EE.) Scorzonella 



KK. Leaves or some of them lobed or pinnatifid; scapes i or more; head erect in 



bud; mature akene beaked or attenuate. 



L. Chief involucre-bracts imbricated in one series; akenes spinulose at the 

 apex, long-beaked. W. C. E. Medicinal plant. Bad lawn weed. (Gk. 

 taraklikos = a cathartic; from its medicinal properties.) 



Taraxacum officinale (DANDELION) 



LL. Chief involucre-bracts in several series; akenes smooth at apex, attenuate or 



long-beaked. (Gk. aix = a goat, seris = chicory.) Agoseris (GOAT CHICORY) 



JJ. Plants with evident stems; stems simple or branched, leafy or bracted; 



flowers i or more on a stem. 

 M. Akenes terete or 4~5-angled, not flat. 



N. Pappus of an inner whorl of bristles, and an outer whorl of short teeth with 

 0-8 bristles among them, inner whorl deciduous; annual. E. (Gk. malache = 

 soft, thrix = hair ; referring to the pappus.) Malacothrix 



NN. Pappus of bristles only and no teeth, persistent; annual or perennial. 

 O. Pappus white; akenes somewhat narrowed at tip; leaves entire to dande- 

 lion-like in their lobing. CREPIS (p. 238) 

 OO. Pappus tawny or in a few almost white; akenes rarely narrowed at 

 tip; leaves entire to shallowly toothed but not dandelion-like. 



HIERACIUM (p. 238) 



