190 PLANT BIOLOGY 



tion; comparative vigor of plants from seeds resulting 

 from cross-pollinated and from self-pollinated flowers. 



4. Fertilization. 



a. Cellular nature of pollen and ovules ; germination of pollen 



grains. 



b. Structure of ovule. 



c. Process of fertilization ; production of the embryo. 



5. Fruits. 



a. Structure of each of fruits studied; definition of a fruit; 



classification of fruits. 



b. Necessity for seed-dispersal; agencies by which seed-dis- 



persal is brought about ; adaptations of fruits and seeds 

 to secure dispersal by each of these agencies. 



c. Adaptations for protecting seeds of unripe edible fruits; 



adaptations for protecting seeds of ripe edible fruits. 



G. PLANT PROPAGATION. 



1. Bean seed and its development into a seedling: markings on 



seed ; their cause or function ; seed covering ; position 

 and kinds of stored food; description of parts of em- 

 bryo ; parts of the plant which develop from the parts 

 of the embryo ; breaking of seedling through the soil. 



2. (Optional.) Corn grain and its development into a seedling: 



description of the parts of the embryo; position and 

 kinds of stored food ; breaking of seedling through the 

 soil ; various parts of the plant which develop from each 

 of the parts of the embryo. 



3. Definitions: seed, seedling, germination, seed coats, micro- 



pyle, hilum, embryo, cotyledon, plumule, hypocotyl, 

 endosperm, primary and secondary roots. 



4. Experiments to show 



a. Function of endosperm of corn grain. 

 6. (Optional.) Relation of water and temperature to germi- 

 nation. 



5. (Optional.) Other methods of plant propagation: grafting; 



slips, runners, and layers ; tubers ; bulbs. 



