INDEX 



203 



Endosperm, 101. 



use of, 104. 

 Energy, definition, 64. 



transformations of, 65. 



liberation of, 66, 67. 



source of, 66. 

 Epidermis, of root, 44, 62. 



of stem, 51, 62. 



of leaf, 56, 61, 62, Figs. 21, 22. 

 Equipment of laboratory, 171-177. 

 Erosion, as result of destruction of 



forests, 137. 



Essential organs, 71, 73. 

 Evergreen trees and shrubs, 158. 

 Excretion of water, 61. 

 Existence, struggle for, 114-119, Fig. 

 53. 



Family, plant, 160, 170. 

 Fat, composition of, 14, 15. 



test for, 19. 



Fehling's solution, preparation of, 17. 

 Fermentation, 148. 

 Ferments, digestive, 38. 

 Ferns, 161-164, Figs. 82, 83. 

 Fertilization, 76, 77, 88. 



of egg-cell in fern, 163. 

 Fertilized egg-cell, 77. 

 Fertilizers, 114. 



Fiber-producing plants, 130-132. 

 Fibers, 47. 

 Fibrous bark, 46. 

 Filament, 71, 73, 88, Fig. 25. 

 Fippin, E. O., 123. 

 Fire, lanes, 139. 



wardens, 139. 

 Flavoring extracts, 128. 

 Flavors of food, 145. 

 Flax, 130. 



Fleshy fruits, 93, 96. 

 Floods, prevention of, 136. 

 Floral envelopes, 71, 72, 79, 88. 

 Flowers, 70-88. 



tulip, 70-72. 



gladiolus, 72-74. 



pansy 79-82. 

 Food substances, list of 13. 



manufacture by plants, 22, 60. 



transfer of, 50. 



Food substances, storage of, 61. 



in corn grains, 104. . 

 Forest conservation, 138. 

 Forest fires, 134, 137, 139. 

 Forests, dangers to, 137. 

 Fronds of ferns, 161. 

 Frosts, loss of crops due to, 117. 

 Fruit, definition of, 94. 



hybrid, 122. 



stalk, 91, 92. 

 Fruits, 89-96. 

 Fuel, 133. 



Functions of organs, 27. 

 Fungi, relation to human welfare, 



139-153. 



Fungous diseases, loss of crops due 

 to, 117. 



Garden, tumbler, 102. 



glass-plate, 102. 

 Generations, alternation of, in fern, 



163. 



Generative nucleus, 77. 

 Genus, plant, 160, 170. 

 Germination of pollen grains, 76. 

 Gladiolus, 72-74. 

 Glass-plate garden, 102. 

 Goddard, Miss Martha F., 193. 

 Grafting, 105-106. 

 Grapes, 129. 

 Grape sugar, composition of, 14, 15. 



test for, 16. 



osmosis of, 33. 

 Gravel, 110. 

 Grazing animals, a danger to young 



trees, 137. 



Growth of crystals, 2 (footnote). 

 Growth of living things, 2, 30. 

 Growth of plants, five essential con- 

 ditions for, 108. 

 Guard-cells of stoma, 58, 61, 62, Fig. 



21. 

 Gymnosperms, 159, 170. 



Harrow, 114, Fig. 51. 



Hay crop of N. Y. State, 122. 



Heat, energy, 64. 



relation of, to soil, 112. 

 Hemp, 130, 145. 



