206 



INDEX 



Sap, path through roots, 42, 43. 



path through stem, 48, 49. 



path through leaves, 59. 

 Schleiden and Schwann, 29. 

 Science and its subdivisions, 3. 

 Scion, 105. 

 Sea weeds, 169. 

 Secondary root, 100. 

 Seed-coat, 98. 

 Seed-dispersal, 91-94. 

 Seed-leaves, 98. 



Seedlings, comparison of, 103-104. 

 Seed-producing plants, 159161. 

 Seeds, 72, 74, 77, 97-105. 



numbers, produced by plants, 115. 

 Selection, artificial, 119. 

 Self-pollination, 79. 



prevention of, 84-86. 

 Sepals, 71, 79, 88. 

 Sexual generation, in fern, 163. 



in moss, 164, 166. 

 Sheath leaf, 100. 

 Shrub, 156, Fig. 79. 

 Sieve tubes, 50, 62, Fig. 16. 

 Slip, 106. 



Smuts, 152-153, Fig. 77. 

 Soil, 110-114. 



moisture of 111. 



air in, 111. 



heat, relation of soil to, 112. 



cultivation of, 113. 

 Soil water, absorption of, 41. 



transmission of, 42, 48, 58. 

 Sorus of fern, 162, Fig. 82. 

 Source of energy, 66. 

 Species, plant, 161, 170. 

 Spermaries of fern, 163. 

 Sperm-cells of fern, 163. 

 Sperm nucleus, 77, Figs. 27, 28, 29. 

 Spirillum form of bacteria, Fig. 71, D, 

 Spirogyra, 167, Fig. 85. 

 Spore-cases, of mold, 150. 



of ferns, 162, Figs. 82, 83. 

 Spore formation in bacteria, 143, 



Fig. 71, D. 



Spore-producing plants, 161-170. 

 Spores, of mold, 150. 



of ferns, 162, Figs. 82, 83. 

 Spur, 80. 



Squash, cross-pollination, 86, Fig. 32. 

 Squash, seedling, Fig. 45. 

 Stamens, 71, 72, 80, 88, Fig. 24. 

 Staminate flowers, 87, Figs. 32, A, 33. 

 Starch, composition of, 13, 15. 



test for, 15. 



manufacture in sunlight, 22. 



manufacture by different kinds of 

 leaves, 22 (footnote). 



manufacture by chlorophyll, 23. 



digestion of, 36, 37. 

 Stems, structure, 45-48. 



functions of, 4851. 



changes during growth, 51. 

 Stickers, 93. 



Stigma, 72, 73, 81, 88, Fig. 25. 

 Stipules, 56. 

 Stock, 105. 



Stoma, 58, 60, 61, 62, Figs. 21, 22. 

 Stone fruits, 96. 

 Storage of foods, 61. 

 Story of bacteria, 142 (footnote). 

 Strawberry, flower, Fig. 41. 



fruit, Fig. 42. 



plant, Fig. 48. 

 Struggle for existence among plants, 



114-119, Fig. 53. 

 Style, 73, 81, 88. 

 Sugar cane, 127. 

 Sun, as source of energy, 66. 

 Sunlight, necessary for starch manu- 

 facture, 22. 

 Survival of the fittest, 118-119, Figs. 



53, 55. 

 Sweet potato, 127, Fig. 60. 



Tea, 129, Fig. 62. 

 Temperature, of soil, 112. 



relation of, to germination and 



growth, 109. 

 Terminal bud, 53. 

 Toadstools, 151. 

 Tokay grape fruit, 90. 

 Tomato fruit, 90. 

 Topics, order of, 178-180. 

 Transfer of food materials, 50, 62. 

 Transformations of energy, 65. 

 Tree, 154, Figs. 78, 79. 

 Tubers, 107. 



