STEMS 



229 



It is evident that this spiral succession of leaves results in 

 reducing to a minimum the shading of the leaves by one 

 another. In other plants two or more leaves appear at each 



FIG. 197. An oak in winter condition. 



node (Fig. 194, B and C), and such leaves are said to be cyclic 

 (very commonly, two leaves at a node are said to be opposite, 

 and three or more leaves at a node are said to be whorled or 



10 



