FORESTRY 425 



the lumber are important features of these states, and have 

 developed a type of life and a race of hardy men (chiefly 

 French Canadians) who have appeared in many stories. 

 In the south the yellow pine is the great soft wood. As it 

 grows in an open, level forest, the logging operations differ 

 from those of white pine, and are by no means so picturesque. 

 The logs are simply hauled to the railway or mill, and the 

 work is done chiefly by negroes. The third great region for 

 soft wood lumber is in the northwest, in the Douglas spruce 

 and redwood forests of the Pacific slope, where the immense 

 size of the trees and the roughness of the ground have neces- 

 sitated special methods and machinery entirely unknown in 

 other regions. 



The use of wood pulp in the manufacture of paper is a 

 tremendous industry. The most commonly used wood is 

 spruce, and the process consists in grinding the wood (from 

 which bark and knots are removed) into pulp and pressing 

 it into paper. This pressed pulp, aside from paper manu- 

 facture, is used in the manufacture of a great variety of 

 articles, as buckets, doors, and even wheels. In the manu- 

 facture of paper it is estimated that one ton of paper pulp 

 is produced by one and a half cords of wood. The amount 

 of this paper used by newspapers is enormous. It has been 

 estimated that one large newspaper uses in one year all the 

 spruce grown on 16,000 acres of land, as spruce naturally 

 grows. If this amount be multiplied so as to include all the 

 newspapers, it is evident that the supply of spruce will fail. 

 Of course other woods can be used for the same purpose, 

 Carolina poplar making very good paper pulp. 



The pines are used as the source of resin and turpentine, 

 which occur in " crude resin " in the resin ducts of the wood. 

 The largest supply of this product comes from the pine 

 forests of the south, but in collecting it the trees are so handled 

 that they are destroyed. In France the product is obtained 

 without destroying the trees, and unless some such method 



