WA.TEE-YASCULAR SYSTEM. 



273 



called on account of the calcareous deposits in its walls, either 



hangs within the body cavity, 



whence it takes up fluid through 



the pores in its walls (Holothu- 



rians), or ends in a porous calca- 

 reous plate, the madreporic plate, 



which is inserted in the external 



covering of the body, and through 



the pores of which the sea water 



percolates into the lumen of the 



canal system. The position of 



the madreporic plate varies con- 

 siderably. In the ClypQastrideci 



it is at the apical pole ; in the 



Cidaridea and SpatangidQo, it is 



interradial, and falls in the an- 

 terior right interradius near the 



apex ; in the Aster idea it is also 



interradial and dorsal ; in the 



Euryalidce and the Ophiuridce it 



lies on one of the five buccal 



plates. Some Echinoderms, e,g., 



species of Ophidiaster and Echi- 



naster echinites, possess several 



stone canals and madreporic 



plates. 



On the lateral branches of the five or more radial trunks are found 



the appendages known as the 

 ambulacral feet (fig. 216). 

 These are extensible tubes or 

 sacs, w T hich pass through pores 

 and openings in the dermal 



FIG. 215. Diagramatic representation of 

 the water-vascular system of a Star-fish. 

 EC, Circular vessel ; Ap, ampullae, or Poliau 

 vesicles ; Sic, stone canal ; A.', madreporic 

 plate ; P, ambulacral feet connected with 

 the side twigs of the radial canals ; Ap', 

 the ampullae of the same. 



skeleton and project on the 

 surface of the body. They 

 are capable of being swollen 

 out, and are frequently pro- 



FIG. 21G.-Diagrammatic section through one of -j j -.1 suc kincr disc -it 



the arms of Ateracanthion (after W. T,fmrt. ' in & C 



their free extremity. Con- 

 tractile ampullae are placed at 

 the point of junction of the 



Lube feet with the side branch of the radial vessel ; they force the 



18 



the arms of Atteracanthion (after W. Lange). 

 N, Nervous system; P, ambulacral fact ; A, 

 calcareous portions of integument ; T, dermal 

 branchia. 



