564 IXSECTA. 



Fam. Hemerobidae (Florfliegen). Head vertical ; antennas filiform. The 

 t\vo pairs of wings are transparent like glass and are nearly equal in size. The 

 larvae suck insects and spiders. Mantispapagana Fabr. Anterior legs predatory; 

 prothorax much elongated (fig. 467, a, b, <?). The larvas, after eight months' 

 fasting, bore their way by means of their sucking forceps into the ovisacs of 

 spiders, and suck out the eggs and the young. After the first moult, the legs 

 are reduced to short stumps, and the body becomes like a Hymenopteran 

 maggot. When about to enter the pupal stage, they spin a cocoon in the 

 ovisac, and strip off the larval skin in the middle of June. The pupa breaks 

 through the cocoon and moves freely about till it casts its skin and is trans- 

 formed into the winged insect. Chrysopa perla L. The eggs have long stalks. 

 The larvas have sickle-shaped suctorial forceps, feed on Aphides and spin 

 globular cocoons. Hemerobius lutescens Fabr. The larvae feed on Aphides. 

 Osmylus maculatus Fabr., Nemoptcra (Nematoptera Burm.) coa L., Asia Minor 

 and Turkey. 



Fam. Myrmeleontidae (Ant-lions). With large vertically- placed head; 

 antennas knobbed at the ends ; prothorax short and narrow ; mesothorax 

 very large. Wings of equal size. The larvse with toothed sucking pincers 

 composed of mandibles and maxillae, and short broad abdomen, live in light 



a 



FIG. 4G8. a, Myrmtlfon formicariits (regne animal), b, Its larva. 



sandy soil, in which they hollow out funnels. Before entering the pupal stage 

 they spin a globular envelope for themselves (fig. 468). ^lyrmelconforinicarius 

 L., M.formicalynx Fabr., Palpares libelluloidcs L., South Europe. Ascalaphus 

 italicus Fabr. 



Sub-order 2. Trichoptera.* Wings covered with hairs or scales 

 the hind wings can as a rule be folded. The mouth parts with 

 aborted mandibles ; the maxillae and the labium fuse to form a kind 

 of suctorial proboscis. In many cases (Oestropsidce Brauer) the 

 maxillae and labium as well as the mandibles become aborted during 

 the pupal stage. 



Fam. Phryganidae (spring-flies). The small vertically-placed head with 

 long setiform antenna? and hemispherical projecting eyes. The wings are 

 covered with scales, and have but few transverse veins. They lie on the back 

 in a tectiform manner. The Iarva3 live in water in tubular cases, which, in 



* J. Pictet, ' ; Recherches pour servir A 1'histoire et 1'anatomie des Pbryga- 

 nides," Geneve, 1834. 



H. Hcigen, "Synopsis of the British Phryganidae," Entomol. Annual for 

 185'J, I860, 1861. * 



