584 INSECTA. 



Fam. Notodontidae. Notodonta ziczac L., N. dromedarius L. Cncthocampn 

 processionea L., the caterpillars live on oaks. Harpyia vinula L. (Gabel- 

 schwanz). The caterpillar has pharyngeal gland and two protrusible anal 

 filaments. 



Fam. Bombycidae. Gastropacha guercifolia L. (Kupferglucke). G. potatoria 

 L.. G ?'ubi L., G. pini L., Clisiocampa neustria L. ; Bonibyx inori L. Silk- 

 spinner originally from South Asia, but now bred in South Europe and China 

 on account of the silk obtained from its cocoons. The caterpillar (silkworm) 

 lives on the leaves of the mulberry. (The disease of silkworms, the muscardine, 

 is produced by Botnjtis Bassiana). 



Fam. Saturnidee. Saturnia pyri Borkh. S. carpini, spini Borkh., Attamvt 

 eynthia, Yamaniai, cecropia cultivated for silk. Aglia tau L. 



Fam. Psychidae. The caterpillars carry about sacks in which they are trans- 

 formed into pupae. Psyche atra L., Ps. helix L. The sacs are spirally coiled 

 and have a second lateral opening, and are different in the two sexes. Fumea 

 nitidella Hb. 



Fam. Zygaenidae. Zygoma filipendulce L. 



Fam. Cossidae. The caterpillars live mostly in the medulla of plants. Cossmt 

 lifjniperda Fabr., cesculi L., Hepialus liumuli L. The caterpillar lives in hop 

 roots. 



Tribe 5. Sphingina (Sch warmer). Lepidoptera with elongated body, 

 pointed at the end, and usually a very long rolled proboscis. The 

 anterior wings are long and narrow. The hind wings are short. 

 The antennae are short, and, as a rule, taper at the points. The wings 

 lie when at rest horizontally on the body and always have a retina- 

 culum. The caterpillars are flat, and provided with an anal horn and 

 sixteen legs. They pass their pupal stage in the earth. The adult 

 insects fly about in the twilight, some species also in the day 

 (Macroglossci). 



Fam. Sesiadae. Sesia apiformis L., 8. bembeciformis Hb. 



Fam. Sphingidae. Hawk-moths. Macroglossa stellatarum L. (Tauben- 

 schwanz), Humming-bird Hawk-moths. Sphinx elpenor L., S. porcellus L. 

 (Weinschwarmer), S. Nerii (Oleanderschwarmer), S. comolvuli L., Aclicrontia 

 atropos L., death-head. The caterpillar lives on potatoes. Snierinthus populi 

 L. (Pappelschwarmer), S. tiliee L. (Lindensch warmer), S. occllatns L. (Nacht- 

 pfauenauge), Eyed Hawk-moth. 



Tribe 6. Rhopalocera. Butterflies. Lepidoptera of slender 

 build, usually with brightly coloured wings. The antennae are club- 

 shaped, or knobbed at the end. The legs are slender. The tibiae of 

 the front legs are short, and sometimes reduced. The Rhopalocera 

 fly by day, and when at rest hold the wings upright, often applied 

 together. The caterpillars have sixteen feet, and are either naked or 

 thickly covered with hairs and spines. They develop, for the most 

 part without cocoons and attached to extraneous objects by fibres, 

 into the pupa, which is often of a shining metallic colour. 



