COLEOPTERA. 



585 



Fam. Hesperidae. Ilesperin comma L., H. sylvanm Schn. 



Fam. Lycsenidee (PolytmmatidaT), (Blaulinge). Polyommatus Arion L., 

 P. Damon Fabr. P. virgaurece L., Thecla ruli L., green hairstreak. T. qucrcus 

 L., purple hair streak. T. to etui a L. 



Fam. Satyridae. Satyrus JJriseis L., S. Ilermione L., Erebia Bsdv. (Ilip- 

 parcliia Fabr.), E. Janira L., etc. 



Fam. Nymphalidae. The caterpillars have spiny outgrowths, rarely covered 

 with fine hairs. The pupa is attached by its posterior extremity. Apatura 

 iris L. (purple emperor). Limenitis populi L. (Eisvogel). Vanessa prorsa L. 

 (F. levana is the spring generation). V. cardni L., painted lady. V. atalanta 

 L., Admiral. V. antiopa L. (Camberwell beauty). V. io L., peacock. V. urticce 

 L.. (Kleiner Fuchs), small tortoiseshell. Aryynnis papUia L., silver-washed 

 Fritillary. A. afjlaia L. (dark green Fritillary), Mi'littea cinxia L. 



Fam. Pieridae (Weisslinge). Pierig crata-gi L. Blackveined white. P. 

 bracsicce L., large white (Kohl- 

 weissling). P. napi L., green- 

 veined white. P. rapes L., small 

 white. Colias liyalc L., C. rhamni 

 L. (Citronenvogel). 



Fam. Equitidae. Papilio Poda- T^SSK Ail lii 



^iritis L., P. MacJiaon L. (Swallow- 

 tail). Doritis Apollo L. The 

 temales have a pouch-like ap- 

 pendago at the posterior end of 

 the body. 



Or^er 8. Coleoptera.* 



Inlets with masticating 

 mouth-parts and horny front 

 wings (tegmina). Prothorax 



freely moveable. The meta- FlG . 4S\Hydrophilus piceus (rcgne animal), a, 



morptosis is complete. , Beetle - b > Larva, c, Pupa. 



The chief characters of this large, but tolerably well-defined, group 

 of infects depend upon the structure of the wings. In the state of 

 rest the anterior wings, as wing-covers (elytra), cover the posterior 

 membranous wings which are transversely and longitudinally 

 folded, and lie horizontally on the abdomen (fig. 483). The hind 

 wing? aloue are used in flight, while the front wings are modified to 

 perform a protective function, and usually correspond in size and 

 form to the soft-skinned dorsal surface of the abdominal region, of 



* W. E. Erichson, "Zur systematischen Kenntniss der Insectenlarven," 

 Arckivfur Naturgesch., Tom. VII., VIII., and XIII. 

 Th. Lacordaire, ' ; Genera des Cole"opteres," Paris, 1854-1860. 

 L. Kedteubacher, "Fauna Austriaca, die Kafer," 3 Ann. Wien., 1873. 

 Gemminger und Harold, " Catalogus Colcopterorum, etc.." Miinchen, 1868. 

 Kowalevski I.e., " Entwickelungsgeschichte des Hydrophilus, etc." 



