TELEOSTEI. 



171 



eyes are placed on the pigmented side, towards which the head is turned and 

 the arrangement of its bones shifted to correspond with this asymmetry. 

 Hippoglossus vulgar is, Flem, the Holibut, coasts of North Europe ; Rhombus 

 maximus L., the Turbot ; Rh. Icsvis Eond., the Brill, European coasts ; 

 Pleuronectes platessa L., the Plaice; PL llmanda L.. the Dab; Pl.flesus L., 

 the Flounder, ascends rivers ; Solea vulgaris Quens., the Sole. 



Fam. Scomberesocidae. Marine Malacopterygians, with cycloid scales. The 

 lower pharyngeal bones are fused (Pliaryngognathi). Below acus Bond.> 

 Gar-pike ; Scomber esox saurus Walb. ; Exoecetus evolans L., the Flying fish. 

 The pectoral fins are strengthened so as to form flying organs. U. cxilicns L. r 

 European Seas : E. Rondeletii Cuv. 

 Val., Mediterranean (fig. 613). 



Sub-order 5. Acanthopteri. 

 Spiny-rayed fishes with comb- 

 shaped gills; lower pharyn- 

 geal bones usually separate; 

 uhoracic, rarely jugular or ab- 

 dominal pelvic fins. Swim- 

 ming bladder closed, without 

 ductus pneumaticus. 



Tribe 1. Pharyngognathi. 

 The lower pharyngeal bones 

 are fused. 



Fam. Pomacentridae. Amphi- 

 prion bifasciatus BL, New Guinea; 

 Pomacentrus fasciatus Bloch., 

 East Indies. 



Fam. Labridae. The Wrasses 

 (Lippfische). Brightly - coloured 

 fish, with fleshy protrusible lips. 

 Labrus maculatus Bl., coasts of 

 Europe; Crenilabrm pavo Briinn; 

 Julis pavo Hassq., Mediterranean ; 

 Scarus cretensis Aldr., Parrot-fish, FIG. 

 Mediterranean. 



Tribe 2. Acanthopteri (s. str.). 

 not fused. 



Fam. Percidae. Perches. Fins thoracic ; scales ctenoid ; edge of branchial 

 . operculum or prseoperculum serrated or spinous. There are teeth on the pras- 

 maxilla, lower jaw, vomer and palatine. Perca fluviatllis Rond., Common 

 Perch (fig. 583). A voracious fish, especially pursues small Cyprinoids. 

 Labrax lupus Cuv., the Bass, Mediterranean ; Acerina cermia L., the Pope, 

 river fish ; Lucioperca sandra Cuv., river fish of South Europe ; Serranus 

 scriba L., hermaphrodite, Mediterranean ; Gasterosteus aculeatus L., the 

 Stickleback (fig. 614), remarkable for forming a nest and protecting the eggs 

 and young ; 6r. pungitius L., ten-spined Stickleback (the Tinker) (fig. 615) j 

 G. spinachia L., fifteen-spined Stickleback. 



615. Nest of Gaxterosteus pnngltius (after 

 Landois). 



The lower pharyngea! bones are 



